Моніторинг поширення вірусу сказу серед диких та свійських тварин Дніпропетровщини

Abstract

Мета. Провести аналіз розповсюдження сказу серед свійських та диких тварин Дніпропетровської області. Методи. Використовували метод біопроб на білих мишах. Результати. Встановили, що найбільше поширення вірусного сказу зафіксовано в 2005-2007 рр. серед диких тварин, а у 2006 та в період з 2008 по 2013 рр. – у котів та собак. Домінуючим джерелом інвазії вірусом є лисиці (близько 34,1%). Найбільше розповсюдження вірусу виявлено у Магдалинівському районі; Цель. Провести анализ распространения бешенства среди домашних и диких животных Днепропетровской области. Методы. Использовали метод биопроб на белых мышах. Результаты. Установили, что наибольшее распространение вируса бешенства зафиксировано в 2005-2007 гг. среди диких животных, а в 2006 и в период с 2008 по 2013 гг. – у котов и собак. Доминирующим источником инвазии вирусом являются лисы (около 34,1%). Наибольшее распространение вируса обнаружено в Магдалиновском районе; Rabies is an acute infectious viral disease of the central nervous system that affects all warm-blooded wild and domestic animals and humans. The mortality rate is close to 100%. Rabies is caused by a neurotropic RNA virus, which belongs to the Lyssavirus genus of the family Rhabdoviridae. The virus is found mostly in the brain, spinal cord, saliva glands, and saliva of the affected animals. In the nature, wild animals are reservoirs of the virus and they transmit the disease usually by biting and via saliva rich in the virus. Rarely, transmission by non-salivary routes has been recorded. These include aerosol transmission to humans in the laboratory and in bat-infested caves. Most often, humans contract the disease from stray domestic animals. Animals contract the disease via wounds, when they are bitten by another animal infected with rabies. Rabies is being detected in many European countries. Rabies is also found in Africa, the Near East, many Asian countries and Central and South America. The aims of the study were:2) to determine regional specificity of the spread of the disease. The prevalence of rabies in the animal population of Ukraine during the period of 2005-2013 was investigated. In 2005-2013, a total of 1 040 cases of rabies were diagnosed in Dnipropetrovsk Region and wild animals were infected more often than domestic animals. According to the records, in 2008-2013 mostly cats and dogs were infected. It is shown that the peak incidence of rabies accounted for 2005 and 2010, respectively – 162 and 157 cases. The immunofluorescence method and the mouse inoculation test were used to diagnose the disease. Rabies was diagnosed in 18.18% of domestic and in 18.64% of wild animals. The disease was found to be spread in all regions of Dnipropetrovsk Region. The largest centers of rabies infection were determined to be in the districts of Mahdalynivka, Vasylkivka, Piatykhatky, Tsarychanka, Mezhova. The highest number of rabies cases 66 was recorded in the Mahdalynivka district. Our results indicate a very uneven distribution of rabies infections and show that during 2005-2013 rabies was registered in the entire territory of Dnipropetrovsk Region. The spread of rabies in the animal population creates a great danger to the public health. The results are a scientific basis for monitoring viral rabies and can be useful in the development of measures and to prevention the spreading of rabies. 1) to analyse the epizootic status of rabies infections in domestic and wild animals in Dnipropetrovsk Region