Представление кариеса с помощью диаграмм Эйлера-Венна

Abstract

У статті розглядається правильність побудови діаграм Ейлера-Венна при розгляді каріесоген- них чинників. Аналізується сумісність і підпорядкованість елементів діаграм. Проведене дослідження дозволяє вивести дефініцію «карієс зуба»: карієсом зуба називається процес, що має тривалість в часі і виникає в організмі, що має дентальні органи, при певному стані ротової рідини і назубного біофільму. Таке визначення каріозного процесу не є клінічним. Орієнтованість терапії зазвичай спрямована або на причину виникнення, або на механізм розвитку, або на усунення симптомів захворювання, а також буває місцевою, загальною, або ж що поєднує в собі і той і інший підходи. Для встановлення дефініції «карієс зуба» потрібні подальші дослідження, як в теорії так і в практиці, оскільки тільки розумне поєднання і доповнення вказаних складових повинно привести дослідників до істинних висновків; В статье рассматривается правильность построения диаграмм Эйлера-Венна при рассмотрении кариесогенных факторов. Анализируется совместимость и подчиненность элементов диаграмм. Проведенное исследование позволяет вывести дефиницию «кариес зуба»: кариесом зуба называется процесс, имеющий длительность во времени и возникающий в организме, обладающем дентальными органами при определенном состоянии ротовой жидкости и назубного биофильма. Такое определение кариозного процесса не является клиническим. Ориентированность терапии обычно направлена либо на причину возникновения, либо на механизм развития, либо на устранение симптомов заболевания, а также бывает местной, общей, или же сочетающей в себе и тот и другой подходы. Для установления дефиниции «кариес зуба» необходимы дальнейшие исследования, как в теории так и в практике, поскольку только разумное сочетание и дополнение указанных составляющих должно привести исследователей к истинным выводам; The purpose of the research is to define the state of theoretical part related to cariogenic factors in dentistry and elimination of possible contradictions. Object and Methods. Logical methods have been applied to reach the objectives of the research. Results and Discussion. It is considered that contemporary concept of dental caries development is well described in Kayes’ theory. According to the theory, optimal cariogenic conditions are to be appeared to initiate teeth decay in the oral cavity. Consequently, an impact of the causes, called cariogenic, is required. Their interaction in the form of Euler-Venn-Diagram was presented in 1963. His concept stated that caries develops in coincidence of three conditions: caries-causing bacteria, fermentable carbohydrates and low resistance of enamel, i. e., so called “Kayes’ shamrock”. At the same time many researchers consider drinking water and nutrition as the strongest factors for caries progression. Since then graphic representations of caries have been modified, reviewed and reconsidered time and again. So, time criterion has been added to the dental caries model, presented by the diagram. Kayes combined in one unit the organism, where carious process occurred, and its teeth and saliva (to be more precise, oral fluid). But it would be much better when the specified objects to be considered from the perspective of hierarchy, as this will lead to the establishment of genuine forms of interaction between them. Consequently, oral fluid and teeth are part of the organism, where carious process occurs. Oral fluid is an individual element of the organism and should not be associated with the tooth. It has specific relation to a tooth. Currently it is assumed that oral fluid participates in the processes of de- and remineralization that are crucial for carious process. Such cariogenic factor as microflora is specific to every organism and depends on its multiple parameters. Caries-causing bacteria promote origination of carious process inside the body (in its oral cavity) not individually but as a component of dental surface plaque. Dental plaque contacts both with tooth and oral fluid. A numerous investigators of dental caries single out food and water from the all the rest cariogenic factors. Actually, the body consists of the consumed food. At the same time, it 2/3 consists from water, engaged in metabolic process. Besides, these substances and the body itself interact with each other during the digestion. This means that hard-tissue masses of the body and their surface, as well as oral fluid are nothing other than food derivative, i. e., is to be under hierarchy. However, even this view is also incomplete. Kayes’ followers added time criterion to his representation. And this is a particularly interesting phenomenon. Natural sciences consider it as one of the fundamental concepts. The philosophy regards time as the irreversible course, inside of which all facts, available in genesis, are presented. Therefore, the represented system exists inside it. Conclusions. The research stated the following definition of dental caries: dental caries is a process with duration of time and occurs in the body, possessing dental organs, in a certain state of oral fluid and dental biofilm. Such definition of caries process is not a clinical one. The therapy is usually oriented on either the cause of origination, or the mechanism of progression, or the elimination of symptoms of the disease and also happens to be a local, common, or combining both approaches. Therefore, such definition for cariology clinical picture with its contemporary therapeutic concept will not have any value. However, the correct definition of the concept and, all the more, its definition as the pathology, significantly influences both the theoretical aspects and practical implementation of the doctrine of identification and elimination of the lesion. This indicates that further studies are required, both in theory and in practice to make a definition of dental caries, as it is only reasonable combination and complication of the abovementioned constituents that can lead the researchers to true conclusions. Perspectives of further research. The paper enables changing of the guideline and focus of the experimental studies of the analyzed phenomenon.