Рівень фізичної працездатності та підготовленості у студентів з ознаками гіпермобільності суглобів

Abstract

Метою нашого дослідження стало вивчення впливу підвищеної рухливості у суглобах на показники фізичного розвитку, функціонального стану, фізичної підготовленості та фізичного здоров’я студентів. які за станом здоров’я були розподілені до основної медичної групи. В роботі доведено негативний вплив фактору гіперрухливості у суглобах на показники, які досліджувались, що потребує корекції навантажень під час фізичного виховання студентів з підвищеною гнучкістю; Целью нашего исследования стало изучение влияния повышенной подвижности в суставах на показатели физического развития, функционального состояния, физической подготовленности и физического здоровья студентов. Нами была обследована 51 студентка 1-2 курса Днепропетровской меди- цинской академии в возрасте от 17 до 20 лет, которые по состоянию здоровья были распределены в основную медицинскую группу. В работе доказано негативное влияние фактора гиперподвижности в суставах на исследуемые показатели, что требует коррекции нагрузок во время физического воспитания студентов с повышенной гибкостью; One of the characteristics of the individual, which allows you to perform motor actions of large amplitude is flexibility. When flexibility understand morphological properties of the musculoskeletal system that determine the mobility of its parts. Some authors noted that physical education classes to quickly achieve results in development flexibility. But to develop it to the limit values is not necessary. Many scientists point out that excessive prolixity muscles, ligaments and tendons can lead to instability of the musculoskeletal system and thus according to the injury and adverse effects. Therefore, a high level of flexibility is one of the key factors that ensure on the one hand sufficient physical fitness and sportsmanship, and on the other – increases the likelihood of injuries of the musculoskeletal system. Objective. The purpose of investigation is studying the hypermobility in joints influence on indicators of physical development, functional condition, physical readiness and physical health of students of medical high school. Object and methods. We had been surveyed 51 student 1-2 courses of the Dnepropetrovsk medical academy at the age from 17 till 20 years which on a state of health have been distributed in the basic medical group. For the formulation of the problem we analyzed scientific and technical literature over the past 10 years, using questionnaires received information on self care, physical development studied by anthropometric method. Clinical signs of hypermobility diagnosed according to the criteria P. Beighton. The level of physical health was investigated by the method of G.L. Apanasenko. Physical performance was evaluated using Ruf’e test. Evaluation of physical properties was conducted using tests of physical fitness. Statistical analysis of the results was carried out using the license application package STATISTICA (6.1, serial number AGAR909E415822FA). Threshold level of statistical significance of the results was taken as p <0.05. Results and conclusions. Depending on the severity of articular hypermobility students were divided on three groups. In the first group we took people with mild mobility in the joints, which amounted to 18 students (35.3%), the second group presented 22 (43.1%) students with an average degree of mobility and 11 (21.6%) students entered the 3 groups that have expressed a degree of mobility of the joints. Analysis of anthropometric data pointed to a significant reduction in power compared to the results of carpal dynamometry representatives in groups 2 and 3. There was a statistically significant reduction of the power index in students of middle and severe degree of mobility, which amounted to 35.4±2,9 kg and 33.5±3,4 kg, respectively, compared to the students with mild joint mobility (43,5±3.3 kg, p<0,05). In the study of physical efficiency test for Ruf’e found that students in the second group the figure was 10,5±1,0 points, and the third – 10,5±1,2 points, which generally corresponds to the level below the average. They had significantly lower rates than in the first group 8,6±0,8 points (p<0,05), corresponding to an average level of physical performance. To establish differences in groups, qualitative levels of physical performance criterion was applied χ²-Pearson. The analysis indicated a statistically significant increase in representatives of high and medium levels of physical performance among group 1, while in groups 2 and 3 had more students with lower levels of medium and low, respectively (p<0,05). In analyzing the survey data found that students in the 2 and 3 groups assess their level of care is much lower compared to their peers in the first group. These data are confirmed by statistical methods, which significantly worse figure was students who had an average degree of (7.5±0.5 points) and expressed the degree of mobility in the joints (7.7±1.0 points) compared to female students with mild the degree of mobility in the joints (8.6±0.8 points p<0,05). Thus, on average in the first group health level was 7.7±0.7 points, which is statistically significantly higher than in the second and third groups (6.2±0.7 points and 6.0±0.6 points, respectively (p <0.05).