Структурна організація червоного кісткового мозку щурів в нормі та при введенні кріоконсервованої плаценти на тлі гострого асептичного запалення

Abstract

У дисертаційній роботі наведено теоретичне узагальнення та нове вирішення актуального наукового завдання, яке полягає у встановленні особливостей анатомічних, гістологічних, лектиногістохімічних, морфометричних змін структурних компонентів червоного кісткового мозку при введенні кріоконсервованої плаценти, при гострому експериментальному асептичному запаленні, при введенні кріоконсервованої плаценти на тлі гострого експериментального асептичного запалення. Комплексне морфологічне дослідження показало, що при гострому асептичному запаленні відбуваються значні зміни судинного русла червоного кісткового мозку та клітин еритробластного ряду. Встановлено, що застосування кріоконсервованої плаценти за умов експериментального асептичного запалення позитивно вливає на морфофункціональний стан компонентів червоного кісткового мозку та еритробластних острівців у динаміці дослідження; В диссертационной работе приведено теоретическое обобщение и новое решение актуальной научной задачи, которая заключается в установлении особенностей анатомических, гистологических, лектиногистохимических, морфометрических изменений структурных компонентов красного костного мозга при введении криоконсервированной плаценты, при остром асептическом воспалении, при введенни криоконсервованной плаценты на фоне острого асептического воспаления. Комплексное морфологическое исследование показало, что при остром ассептическом воспалении происходят существенные изменения сосудистого русла красного костного мозга и клеток эритробластного ряда. Установлено, что применение криоконсервированной плаценты при экспериментальном асептическом воспалении положительно влияет на морфофункциональное состояние компонентов красного костного мозга и эритробластных островков; The results of the dissertation research were aimed at detailed analysis and evaluation of structural components on the histological and ultramicroscopic levels that occurred during the administration of the cryopreserved placenta when modeling acute aseptic inflammation, and in the correction of acute aseptic inflammation by the introduction of cryopreserved placenta. It was established that the stroma of the red bone marrow of the intact group of animals, represented by bone beams and reticular tissue with a large number of blood vessels, and parenchyma, by erythroblastic islets, where differons of hematopoietic cells were revealed at different stages of differentiation. In the 1 experimental group of animals (when administering cryopreserved placenta), changes in the reactive units of the hemomicrocirculatory bed of the red bone marrow in rats were studied in the indicated terms of the experiment. When comparing the average diameters of the blood vessels in the hemomicrocirculatory bed with the corresponding indices of the intact group of animals, some dynamic changes were established which were manifested in the form of spasm, with subsequent expansion of the lumen of the vessels in different terms of the experiment. It was found that a single administration of a placental tissue affects the red bone marrow by dynamic changes, namely, by an enhanced erythropoiesis, resulting in an increase in the number of cells of the erythroblast islet at 2, 7 and 14 days of the study. The action of the cryopreserved placenta caused the active formation of basophilic, polychromatophilic, and orthochromic erythroblast in the specified period of the experiment. After analyzing the results of 3 experimental groups of animals (when modeling the acute aseptic inflammation), quantitative changes were observed that were phase-specific, namely, at 2, 7 and 14 days of the experiment, which is related to the activation of the erythropoiesis and the release of cells into peripheral blood. It was found that in the 3 group of animals, the inflammatory process extends not only to the parenchyma of the red bone marrow, but also to the elements of the hemomicrocirculatory bed. Thus, ultramicroscopic changes, which are manifested by decompensation processes in selective permeability and barrier function of the wall of the microvessels, were determined. On the part of the endothelial cells, their swelling was determined, which leads to the formation of folds, lacunas, and protrusions, and consequently the size of the vascular lumen significantly changed, and its shape changed from the right round or oval to irregular. Along with this, in the endothelial cells there was a loss of ordering and uniformity of microfilaments and myofilaments in myocytes, as well as the difference in endothelial contacts with the formation of cracks, through which the fluid from the blood plasma gets an excess into the parenchyma of a red bone marrow. As a result of these pathomorphological changes, on the ultramicroscopic level, it was noted that in the areas of folds and protrusions of the cytoplasm of the endothelial cell, a fusion of pinocytic vesicle with the formation of a vacuoles occurred, which leads to their further separation into the vascular lumen and subsequent necrotic and apoptotic changes. Changes in the diameter of the lumen of arterioles, capillaries and venules, in the 3 experimental group, were characterized by spasm with subsequent dilation of arterioles, accompanied by an enlargement of the lumen of capillaries and venules. It is established that the condition of arterioles, capillaries and venules is directly related to the period of acute experimental inflammation. In the 4 experimental group of animals (introduction of cryopreserved placenta during an acute aseptic inflammation), an increase in the number of all cells of the erythroblast islet was detected at 2, 7 and 14 days of observation. At the expense of biologically active substances containing placental tissue, the recovery of these cellular elements occurs at the late stages of the experiment, namely at 21 and 30 days of observation. The results of morphological and morphometric studies indicate that the dynamics of the inflammatory process at the administration of the placenta is significantly different from the course of the inflammatory process without correction. The action of placental tissue stimulates reparative processes, hormones and the biologically active substances cause dilatation and full blood vessels of the hemomicrocirculatory bedof the red bone marrow, thereby reducing the damaging factors caused by the introduction of λ-carrageenan, thereby confirming its antinflammatory effect. It has been experimentally proved that the restoration of the morphofunctional state of all parts of the hemomicrocirculatory bed of the red bone marrow occurs at the late stages of the experiment, and the recovery of the parameters to those in the intact group of animals is observed from 21 to 30 days of the study.