Особливості позакишкового ураження опорно-рухового апарату у хворих із запальними захворюваннями кишечника

Abstract

Метою нашого дослідження було вивчення особливостей ураження хребта та суглобів у хворих із запальними захворюваннями кишечника (ЗЗК), як найбільш частих проявів хвороби поза кишечником, можливого взаємозв’язку із порушеннями мікробіоти товстої кишки та активністю хвороби. В дослідженні проаналізовано дані 73 пацієнтів із ЗЗК, середній вік склав 38,6±6,9 років. Першу групу склали 29 (39,7%) хворих,у яких виявлено ураження з боку суглобів та хребта, другу групу – 44 (60,3%) хворих без змін з боку опорнорухового апарату. В першій групі частіше діагностували периферичний тип суглобового синдрому – 25 (86,5%) випадків, з ураженням великих суглобів – 22 (75,9%) випадки (р<0,05). Аксіальний тип виявлявся рідше, лише у 4 (13,8%) хворих (р<0,03). Ураження суглобів та хребта у хворих із ЗЗК достовірно частіше супроводжувалися вираженою активністю захворювання (р≤0,05), що підтверджувалося достовірним підвищенням вмісту ШОЕ, СРБ, кальпротектину, тромбоцитозом та значними порушеннями мікробіоти. Виявлені порушення погіршували перебіг хвороби та потребували своєчасної корекції лікування; Целью нашего исследования было изучение особенностей поражения позвоночника и суставов у больных с воспалительными заболеваниями кишечника (ВЗК), как наиболее частых проявлений болезни вне кишечника, возможной взаимосвязи с нарушениями микробиоты толстой кишки и активностью болезни. Проанализированы данные 73 пациентов с ВЗК, средний возраст составил 38,6 ± 6,9 лет. Среди обследованных больных, первую группу составили 29 (39,7%) больных, у которых выявлены изменения со стороны суставов и позвоночника, вторую группу – 44 (60,3%) больных без изменений со стороны опорно-двигательного аппарата. В первой группе достоверно чаще диагностировали периферический тип суставного синдрома – 25 (86,5%) случаев, с поражением крупных суставов – 22 (75,9%) случая (р <0,05). Аксиальный тип выявлен достоверно реже, только в 4 (13,8%) больных (р<0,03). Поражение суставов и позвоночника у больных с ВЗК достоверно чаще сопровождались выраженной активностью заболевания (р≤0,05), что подтверждалось достоверным повышением содержания СОЭ, СРБ, кальпротектина, тромбоцитозом и значительными дисбиотическими нарушениями. Выявленные изменения ухудшали течение болезни и требовали своевременной коррекции лечения; Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) that are accompanied by extraintestinal manifestations often lead to complications, contribute to deterioration of the quality of life and are difficult to diagnose. Therefore, the purpose of our research was to investigate the distinguishing features of the spine and joints lesions in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD), which are the most frequent extraintestinal manifestations of the forenamed diseases, and to investigate the possible link between the gut microbiota dysbiosis and the disease activity. The data of 73 patients with IBDs, whose average age was 38,6±6,9, were analyzed in this research. Among the examined patients the first group consisted of 29 (39,7%) patients with IBDs and lesions of the spine and joints and the second group consisted of 44 patients without changes in the musculoskeletal system. UC was diagnosed more frequently – in 58 (79,5%) patients, – and CD was diagnosed in 15 (20,5%) patients; the large intestine lesions were detected significantly more often (р<0,05). The diagnosis was made according to the international clinical, instrumental and histological criteria. The diagnosis of the spine and joints lesions in patients with IBD was made according to the expert ECCO guidelines (2018). Significantly more often the peripheral joint syndrome was diagnosed – in 25 (86,5%) cases, with large joints lesions – in 22 (75,9%) cases (p<0,05), and frequently – monoarthritis of lower limbs. The lesions of three and more joints were detected in 8 (27,6%) patients who had higher disease activity and usually worse course of disease – in 7 (87,5%) patients. Axial type was diagnosed significantly more rarely – only in 4 (13,8%) patients (p<0,03), isolated sacroiliitis predominated in 3 (10,3%) patients. According to the findings, the spine and joints lesions were diagnosed significantly more often in patients with medium severity course and severe course of IBDs that were accompanied by total lesions during UC and by intestinal obstructions, fistulae and abscesses during CD – in 20 (68,9%) cases, – in contrast to the patients without joint syndrome – 13 (29,6%) patients (r=0,76) (р<0,02). Particularly notable is the increase in platelets in the group of patients with the lesions of joints and spine. The platelet count was on average 469±12,3х109/l per liter in contrast to the patients of the second group – 318±14,1 х109/l(р<0,03). In addition, it was detected that in lesions of joins and spine there was a significant increase in ESR (more than 50 mm/hour) – in 25 (86,2%) patients, 28 (63,6%) cases – in the second group correspondingly. A significant difference was determined after detecting calprotectin with the quantitative assessment method. Thus, calprotectin values in the first group of patients were on average 306,9±16,4µg/g in contrast with the patients of the second group – 154±17,1 µg/g (р<0,05), which proved higher activity of the process in patients with the extraintestinal manifestations and necessity of the therapy intensification. Apart from that, the microbiota dysbiosis was detected more often in the first group. Thus, decrease in Lactobacillus abundance and increase in opportunistic microflora was detected significantly more often – in 22 (75,9%) patients (p<0,05) and in 27 (93,1%) patients (r=0,73) (р<0,01) correspondingly. Furthermore, decrease in abundance of Escherichia coli with normal enzymatic properties was detected and it was more pronounced in the group of patients with musculoskeletal disorders – 27 (93,1%) patients (p<0,05). Significant increase in opportunistic microflora, decrease in Lactobacillus abundance and abundance of Escherichia coli with normal enzymatic properties, which were detected in patients with IBDs and lesions of spine and joints, is without doubt an additional factor that can amplify the inflammatory changes in intestines and have a negative impact on therapy of these patients/l per liter in contrast to the patients of the second group – 318±14,1 х109/l (р<0,03). In addition, it was detected that in lesions of joins and spine there was a significant increase in ESR (more than 50 mm/hour) – in 25 (86,2%) patients, 28 (63,6%) cases – in the second group correspondingly. A significant difference was determined after detecting calprotectin with the quantitative assessment method. Thus, calprotectin values in the first group of patients were on average 306,9±16,4µg/g in contrast with the patients of the second group – 154±17,1 µg/g (р<0,05), which proved higher activity of the process in patients with the extraintestinal manifestations and necessity of the therapy intensification. Apart from that, the microbiota dysbiosis was detected more often in the first group. Thus, decrease in Lactobacillus abundance and increase in opportunistic microflora was detected significantly more often – in 22 (75,9%) patients (p<0,05) and in 27 (93,1%) patients (r=0,73) (р<0,01) correspondingly. Furthermore, decrease in abundance of Escherichia coli with normal enzymatic properties was detected and it was more pronounced in the group of patients with musculoskeletal disorders – 27 (93,1%) patients (p<0,05). Significant increase in opportunistic microflora, decrease in Lactobacillus abundance and abundance of Escherichia coli with normal enzymatic properties, which were detected in patients with IBDs and lesions of spine and joints, is without doubt an additional factor that can amplify the inflammatory changes in intestines and have a negative impact on therapy of these patients.