Фосфоліпідний склад імунокомпетентних клітин у дітей, хворих на основні нозологічні форми атопічної патології

Abstract

Вивчено основні показники фосфоліпідного складу імунокомпетентних клітин у дітей, хворих на алергійні захворювання. У різні періоди атопічної форми бронхіальної астми, атопічного дерматиту, кропив’янки та набряку Квінке спостерігається порушення ліпідного обміну, зокрема фосфоліпідного складу мембран лейкоцитів. У лейкоцитарних мембранах спостерігали перерозподіл вмісту фосфоліпідних фракцій за рахунок зниження фосфатидилетаноламіну на фоні підвищення лізоформ фосфоліпідів, що може бути причиною дестабілізації мембран імунокомпетентних клітин; Изучены основные показатели фосфолипидного состава иммунокомпетентных клеток у детей, больных аллергическими заболеваниями. В разные периоды атопической формы бронхиальной астмы, атопического дерматита, крапивницы и отека Квинке наблюдается нарушения липидного обмена, фосфолипидного состава мембран лейкоцитов. В лейкоцитарных мембранах наблюдали перераспределение содержания фосфолипидных фракций за счет снижения фосфатидилэтаноламина на фоне повышения лизоформ фосфолипидов, что может быть причиной дестабилизации мембран иммунокомпетентных клеток; The percentage of allergic diseases is currently growing in the structure of pediatric pathology. Leading positions among non-infectious childhood diseases are occupied by the atopic form of bronchial asthma, atopic dermatitis, urticaria, and angioedema. The allergic diseases mentioned above are grouped under the term «atopic pathology» due to the single mechanism of their development. Some authors have shown changes in lipid metabolism in children with atopic diseases. However, only certain parameters, particularly blood cholesterol content, lipid transport forms, have been studied in researches. Previous researches have demonstrated that all examined children with allergic diseases, regardless of the period of the disease, have abnormal lipid metabolism, namely elevated lipid peroxidation products: the content of dienic conjugates and TBA-active products, indicating the increased rate of lipid peroxidation, which in turn can lead to impaired barrier functions of membranes. Lack of data on the structural parameters of immune cells in children with atopic disorders in available scientific sources contributes to the significant relevance of the current research. One hundred eighty-three children with atopic diseases and twenty healthy children whose age ranged between 3 to 18 years were examined in the immunological department of Regional Pediatric Hospital № 1 (Kharkiv, Ukraine). The following phospholipid fractions of membranes of leukocytes were studied in children with allergic diseases: phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, sphingomyelin, phosphatidylserine, and lysophosphatidylcholine. A decrease in phosphatidylethanolamine and an increase in lysophosphatidylcholine in leukocyte membranes were found in children with asthma in the acute period and under clinical remission compared to the control group. Changes in phosphatidylethanolamine against the background of elevated lysophosphatidylcholine compared to the corresponding parameters in healthy individuals were observed in children with atopic dermatitis in the acute period and under clinical remission. A significant increase in lysoforms of phospholipids (lysophosphatidylcholine) in membranes of leukocytes was revealed. To sum up, observed changes may cause destabilization of the membranes of immune cells and affect the activity of membrane-bound enzymes, as well as receptor complexes, resulting in intensification of lipid peroxidation in children with atopic diseases. Redistribution of phospholipid fractions due to reduced phosphatidylethanolamine against the background of elevated lysoforms of phospholipids is observed in leukocyte membranes. This can cause destabilization of membranes of immune cells. Major parameters of phospholipid composition of immunocompetent cells in children with allergic diseases were studied. Different periods of atopic asthma, atopic dermatitis, urticaria, and angioedema were associated with disorders of lipid metabolism, in particular, phospholipid composition of leucocyte membranes. Redistribution of phospholipid fractions due to phosphatidylethanolamine against the background of elevation of phospholipid lysoforms was observed. This can result in destabilization of membranes of immunocompetent cells.