Динаміка показників спірографії школярів з ослабленим зором під впливом фізичного виховання та додаткових самостійних тренувань

Abstract

З метою визначення впливу реабілітаційного комплексу на функціональні показники дихальної системи школярів з ослабленим зором, було обстежено 90 дівчат середнього шкільного віку. При дослідженні функції зовнішнього дихання використані методи: спірографія, фазовий аналіз дихального циклу, аналіз кривої потік-об’єм (КПО) за допомогою спіроаналізатора «Рід-124Д», результати співставлялись з «Системою належних величин» Клемента Р.Ф. (1986) і оброблялись за допомогою комп’ютерної програми «RDC – Pneumo(tm) Ver.4.5-9406-No206-Arcl6-In3». Обстеження виявило у дівчат відповідність показників зо- внішнього дихання з віковими нормами. Під впливом реабілітаційного курсу відбулись статистично значимі позитивні зміни в показниках. У підлітковому віці стан дихальної системи характеризується нестійкістю та варіативністю показників. Великі гормональні перебудови в період статевого дозрівання підлітків вимагають ще досить високого постачання енергетичних ресурсів. Показники функціонального стану повітряносних шляхів і легеневої тканини змінюються в тісному зв’язку з варіабельністю антропометричних характеристик організму; С целью определения влияния реабилитационного комплекса на функциональные показатели дыхательной системы школьников с ослабленным зрением, было обследовано 90 девочек среднего школьного возраста. При исследовании функции внешнего дыхания использованы методы: спирография, фазовый анализ дыхательного цикла, анализ кривой поток-объем (КПО) при помощи спироанализатора «Рид-124Д», результаты сопоставлялись с «Системой должных величин» Клемента Г.Ф. (1986) и обрабатывались с помощью компьютерной программы «RDC – Pneumo(tm) Ver.4.5-9406-No206-Arcl6-In3». Обследование выявило у девушек соответствие показателей внешнего дыхания с возрастными нормами. Под влиянием реабилитационного курса произошли статистически значимые положительные изменения в показателях. В подростковом возрасте состояние дыхательной системы характеризуется неустойчивостью и вариативностью показателей. Большие гормональные перестройки в период полового созревания подростков требуют достаточно высокой поставки энергетических ресурсов. Показатели функционального состояния воздухоносных путей и легочной ткани изменяются в тесной связи с вариабельностью антропометрических характеристик организма; A normal physiological development of all body systems is an important indicator of health. One of the leading vital systems — respiratory system. The system of the external breathing is the only physiological system that cannot be protected from external environmental influences reliable artificial barrier and its breathing organs are the first to action of extreme factors. External breathing is an important indicator of the functional state of the organism in different age periods are most strongly influenced by negative factors in the environment that underpins the high percentage of diseases of the upper respiratory tract, bronchi, lungs, and leads to a decrease in reserve possibilities of breathing. The completeness of the functional maturation of the respiratory system, the degree of development of its backup capabilities, mechanisms of adaptation to stress and exposure to environmental factors remain the subject of numerous studies. The aim of the study was to determine the influence of rehabilitation complex on girls’ functional indicators of the respiratory system, who are in secondary school age with impaired vision. This complex includes breathing exercises with volitional control of breathing and aerobic exercises for self-study. Object and methods. At the territory of Zaporizhzhya Classical Lyceum there were 90 girls aged 11-14 years under observation, who had a weakening of visual function, but with the correct eye position, binocularly nature view and no organ pathologies of the vision organ. Among them there were girls with not corrected visual acuity of 0.1- 1.0 with correction to 1.0. The degree of astigmatism ranged from 0.25 to 1.5 diopters. The children’s distribution according to the degree of astigmatism was the same in all age groups. For physical education classes they have been assigned to the basic medical group. All patients were divided into three groups: control and two main, which was suitable for comparison and were not statistically different in age and degree of impairment. They worked for a common school curriculum for physical education. In addition, in both major groups was further proposed rehabilitation complex, which includes breathing exercises with volitional control of breathing, aerobic exercises for self-study task at home. The surveyed in the main groups received a memo, developed by Klapchuk and Maryukhnich, which had recommendations for self-control. To assess the volume, speed and time parameters of external respiration function was used hardware-diagnostic complex «RID-124D». Results compared with the «System of expected values» of G.F. Clement (1986) and were processed using the computer program «RDC – Pneumo(tm) Ver.4.5-9406-No206-Arcl6-In3». Results. After the rehabilitation course in the major groups at the final survey reported statistically significant positive changes. Indicator VC increased in major groups by 14.17% and 13,40% and amounted to 2.98 ± 0,13 l (t=2,01; p<0,05) and a 2.95 ± 0.12 l (t=2,15; p<0.05. FVC increased in major groups by 15.98% and 16.11%, and amounted to 2.83 ± 0.15 l (t=2,09; p<0.05), and 2.81 ± 0.17 l (t=2.02; p<0.05). FEV1 increased in major groups by 11.59% and of 15.59%, and was 2.31 ± 0.11 for l (t=2,09; p<0.05) and 2.52 ± 0.14 l (t=2,10; p<0.05). FEV 1% increased in major groups by 6.56% and 5.9%, and amounted to 90,05 ± 1,82% (t=2,15; p<0.05) and 88 and 43 ± 1,82% (t=2,13; p<0.05). The increase in the figures shows an improvement in the biomechanical properties of external respiration function and functional development of the respiratory system were examined under the influence of rehabilitation course. MEF25-75 increased in major groups by 23.24% and of 13.05%, and amounted to 3.34 ± 0,18 l (t=2,10; p<0.05) and of 3.03 ± 0,13 l (t=2,05; p<0.05). PVR increased in major groups by 17.91% 17,43% and amounted to 5.20 ± 0,26 l/s (t=2,06; p<0.05) and 5,12 ± 0,30 l/s (t=2,07; p<0.05). MEF25 increased in major groups by 19.66% and 17,83% and amounted to 4.93 ± 0.25 l/s (t=2,29; p<0.05) and 4.89 mm ± 0.25 l/s (t=2,17; p<0,05). The increase of described indicators defines the improvement of bronchial conduction, which is characterized by the active involvement of the respiratory muscles, not only the value of bronchial resistance. MEF50 increased in major groups by 18.27% 10,19% and in the control group by 1.8%. MEF75 increased in major groups by 8.25% and 9.25% in the control group by 5.4%. FRM has decreased in major groups by 10.95% 11,08%, and made up 15.38 ± 0,57 times/min (t=2,09, p<0,05) and of 15.41 ± 0,74 times/min (t=2,06; p<0.05), indicating that the efficiency of the system. Conclusions 1. Indicators of girls’ external respiration of secondary school age with impaired vision meet age standards. 2. In addition to school physical education in the basic medical group developed a rehabilitation complex, which includes breathing exercises with volitional control of breathing and aerobic exercises for self-study task at home. 3. In contrast to the comparison group, in major groups under the influence of rehabilitation course was held statistically significant positive trend for all investigated indicators of external respiration, except for indicators of patency of peripheral airways the surveyed students (MEF50 and MEF75). 4. The results of the study allow to recommend developed program of additional physical training and exercises for self-study task at home before introducing.