Права людини у сфері надання психіатричної допомоги

Abstract

Проблеми охорони психіатричного здоров’я, захисту прав людини у сфері психіатрії не втрачають своєї гостроти ні для нашої держави, ні для міжнародного співтовариства і спектрально досліджуються різними фахівцями. В статті окреслено важливий сегмент національної системи психічного здоров’я - прав людини, проведено аналіз прав пацієнтів у галузі надання психіатричної допомоги та наведений чіткий перелік прав пацієнтів, яким безпосередньо надається певний вид медичної допомоги, зокрема в психіатрії.

Проблемы охраны психического здоровья, защиты прав человека в области психиатрии не теряют своей остроты ни для нашего государства, ни для международного сообщества и спектрально исследуются различными специалистами. В статье обозначен важный сегмент национальной системы психического здоровья - прав человека, проведен анализ прав пациентов в области оказания психиатрической помощи и приведен четкий перечень прав пациентов, которым непосредственно предоставляется определенный вид медицинской помощи, в частности в психиатрии.

The state recognition and realization of human and citizen rights are the ideological basis of the formation of modern civil society in Ukraine. All patients who receive medical care benefit from the general rights of patients. There is a clear list of the rights of patients who are directly provided with a particular type of medical care and/or the direction of medical activity. Human rights in the field of mental health are among the most relevant from the point of view of legal regulation of medical activity. The peculiarities of these areas of medical services are the basis for the adoption of legal provisions that adequately reflect the legal status of people receiving such medical care. The mental health problems as well as human rights protection in the field of psychiatry remain high both for Ukraine and for the international community and are studied spectrally by different specialists. The purpose of this study is to analyze the rights of patients in the provision of psychiatric care. As it is mentioned, human rights in the field of health care can relate to healthy people who do not need medical care as well as to people with a certain disease, which leads to usage of health care facilities. Psychiatric care is a complex of social measures aimed at examining the state of mental health of people on the basis and in the manner prescribed by the legislation of Ukraine, prevention, diagnosis of mental disorders, treatment, supervision, care and medical and social rehabilitation of people suffering from mental disorders. One of the main issues studied within the framework of medical law is the normative and legal provision of human rights in the field of medical activity. The extent of the legal basis for human rights in the field of healthcare, including the field of psychiatry, is so high that each individual can take advantage of the granted rights. The protection of human rights in the field of psychiatry is a part in the task of creating a general system of protection of human rights and freedoms. Human rights in healthcare programmes and policies on both national and regional levels are protected by looking at underlying determinants of health as part of a comprehensive approach to health and human rights and providing medical assistance in the event of a disease. The study of the main international legal standards in the field of patients’ rights shows that there are special documents that are aimed at protecting the rights and interests of people with mental illness. People suffering from mental illness have the right to enjoy the same rights and freedoms as other citizens. They should not be the subject to discrimination on the grounds of mental illness. People with mental disabilities (mentally ill people) have the right for a professional, humane and worthy help. They must be protected from exploitation, mistreatment and humiliation, in accordance with ethical standards.