Показники центральної гемодинаміки та прогнозування їх належних величин у футболістів юнацького віку

Abstract

Визначали відмінності реографічних показників центральної гемодинаміки у футболістів високого рівня спортивної майстерності порівняно з юнаками, які не займаються спортом, та використовуючи покроковий регресійний аналіз провели моделювання належних індивідуальних величин гемодинамічних параметрів. Встановлено, що футболісти мають достовірно більші показники артеріального систолічного та середнього тиску, ударного об’єму, ударного індексу, об’ємної швидкості руху крові та потужності лівого шлуночка, ніж юнаки, які не займаються спортом. Для всіх показників центральної гемодинаміки побудовані математичні моделі з точністю опису ознак від 73 до 97 %, до який найчастіше входять поперечні, обхватні та краніометричні розміри.

Определяли отличия реографических показателей центральной гемодинамики между футболистами высокого уровня спортивного мастерства и юношами, не занимающимися спортом, а так же, используя пошаговый регрессионный анализ, провели моделирование надлежащих индивидуальных величин гемодинамических параметров. Установлено, что футболисты имеют достоверно большие показатели артериального систолического и среднего давления, ударного объема, ударного индекса, объемной скорости движения крови и мощности левого желудочка, чем юноши, которые не занимаются спортом. Для всех показателей центральной гемодинамики построены математические модели с точностью описания признаков от 73 до 97 %, к которым чаще всего входят поперечные, охватные и краниометрические размеры.

Morfofunctional features of the cardiovascular system determine the level of possible sports achievements in any form of sport, so the study of these parameters is actual and does not lose its practical value.The purpose of the work was to establish the features of the rheographic indicators of central hemodynamics in footballers of a high level of athletic skill of adolescence and to model their proper values. The study was attended by virtually healthy young men aged 17 to 21 years. The control group consisted of 73 young men who were not engaged in sports and at the time of the survey were practically healthy. The conclusion was made after a detailed clinical and laboratory study (ultrasound diagnostics of the heart, major vessels, thyroid gland, parenchymal organs of the abdominal cavity, kidneys, bladder, chest radiography, spirography, tetrapolar rheocardiogram, dental examination, determination of basic biochemical parameters of blood; assessing the level of hormones of the thyroid gland). We also conducted a comprehensive survey of high-level sportsmanship players (from the first adult to masters of sports). All athletes had athletic experience of at least 3 years and at the time of the survey were in the preparatory period of the training cycle. Diagnosis was performed at least one day after the training load. Athletes who had signs of overtraining and over-stressed did not participate in further research. After the survey, were selected 22 players, which did not have a health condition. The rheographic parameters were determined using a computer diagnostic complex, which provides simultaneous recording of the electrocardiogram, tetrapolar rheogram and measurement of blood pressure. Given the parameters of reocardiogram, the distance between the electrodes, height and mass and body surface area, systolic, diastolic and mean arterial pressure, heart rate, we used the formulas to calculate the parameters of central hemodynamics. We conducted an anthropometric study using the Bunak method, somatotypological - based on the estimated modification of the Heath-Carter method, and the determination of the component composition of the body weight for Mateyko. The statistical processing of the obtained results was carried out using the package “Statistica 5,5” (license number AXXR910A374605FA). The character of the distributions for each of the received variation series for Shapir-Wilk, the mean and standard deviation for each sign were determined. Since, in the vast majority of cases, the distribution of the characteristics studied was different from the normal one, we used nonparametric methods of statistical analysis, the probability of the difference between independent quantitative values was determined using U-criterion of Man-Whitney. For the development of proper indicators of central hemodynamics, depending on the peculiarities of the structure of the body, we used a method of stepwise regression analysis. It has been established that individual hemodynamic indicators of football players have significantly higher values or a marked tendency to increase compared to non-sportspersons. Therefore, there is a need to address the question of how to interpret the results obtained, whether they are normal for athletes of this sport, or is an alternative to initial pathological abnormalities. As a result of stepwise regression analysis, we constructed 12 mathematical models for the determination of individual rheographic parameters of central hemodynamics. They include 69 anthropometric and 2 physiometric indicators (static and carousal dynamometry). Conclusions 1. It has been established that football players have significantly higher arterial systolic and mean pressure, shock volume, shock index, volume velocity and left ventricular power than non-sports boys. 2. The players have constructed models for determining the proper parameters of the central hemodynamics with a sufficiently high accuracy of the description of the simulated characters (R2 from 0,73 to 0,97). The most commonly used models are body diameters (24,6 %), including intervertebral distance and transverse mid-diameter diameters, circumferential body dimensions (23,2 %), in particular waist and forearm in the lower third and craniometric dimensions (21,7 %).