Computed Tomography Evaluation of Sella Turcica Dimension in Skeletal Class III Malocclusion Among Adult Ukrainian Peoples

Abstract

Introduction: The sella Turcica is a midline depression in the sphenoid bone which contains the pituitary gland and distal portion of the pituitary stalk. The Sella in orthodontics is most an important skeletal constant unilateral landmark in all cephalometric analysis of the neurocranial and craniofacial complex which located at the center of sella turcica. It's used to measurement the positions of maxilla and mandible in relation to the cranium and to themselves which help in investigation, diagnosis and treatment plan. Aims : The purpose of this study was to evaluation of Sella Turcica dimension(area and perimeter) in skeletal class III malocclusion (as study group) in comparative with skeletal class I normal occlusion (as control group) among adult Ukrainian peoples by using 3D Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Materials and Methods: Pre-treatment 3D Cone-beam computed tomography radiographs for 62 subjects of adult patients (18-27 years old ) , 31 subjects (10 male, 21 female) with class I normal occlusion as control group and 31 subjects (12 male ,19 female) with class III skeletal malocclusion according to ANB (The angle formed at A point, Nasion point and B point of skull) and FMA (The angle formed between the mandibular plane and Frankfort Horizontal plane) angle. The digital tracing of sella Turcica was done by the area and perimeter measures icon tool for all subjects in window of the advanced 3d-imaginag software Ez3d2009. The independent samples T test was used to assessed the relationship between skeletal type and sella Turcica dimension, also was used to determine if skeletal type showed the significant differences. Standard devotions, standard errors, mean values and normality of data were generated for all parameters. Result and discussion: When comparing the area of sella Turcica for two group, there were significant differences between the study group and the control group (P=0.0116) while the sella perimeter were non-significant differences (P=0.0662). Furthermore, when our result was compared with those in other global data, disparities dimensions among different populations were observed. Conclusion: When sella size was compared with skeletal type, a significant difference was found in diameter size between Class I and Class III subjects. Larger diameter values were present in skeletal Class III subjects, while smaller diameter sizes were apparent in Class I subjects, so the size of Sella Turcica and pituitary gland play important role to determine the skeletal developmental, classification and occlusion of jaws. The results of the present study of sella area and perimeter may be used as reference standards for Ukrainian subjects in relation to sella Turcica size.