Морфологічне дослідження тканин щоки при впливі різних типів запальної реакції у щурів з експериментальним гастродуоденітом

Abstract

Вивчено особливості структурної перебудови слизової оболонки порожнини рота (щоки) за умови експериментального гастродуоденіту Встановлено, що морфологічні зміни тканин щоки були одно- направленими, але ступінь її прояву була різною, а найбільш виражені змiни припадали на 10-у добу дослідження у тварин з гіперергічним типом запальної реакції. Мікроскопічно у тканинах щоки щурів-самців морфологічні зміни відображені у пошкодженні епітеліоцитів, дезорганізації сполучнотканинних елементів підслизової основи і явища фіброзу, розлади гемодинаміки та зміни судин кровоносного русла, які були найбільш значними у тварин з гіперергічним типом запальної реакції.

Изучены особенности структурной перестройки слизистой оболочки полости рта (щеки) при условии экспериментального гастродуоденита. Установлено, что морфологические изменения тканей щеки были однонаправленными, но степень ее проявления была различной, а наиболее выраженные изменения приходились на десятый день исследования у животных с гиперергическим типом воспалительной реакции. Микроскопически в тканях щеки крыс-самцов морфологические изменения отражены в повреждении эпителиоцитов, дезорганизации соединительнотканных элементов подслизистой основы и явления фиброза, расстройства гемодинамики и изменения сосудов кровеносного русла, которые были наиболее значительными у животных с гиперергическим типом воспалительной реакции.

In the study of inflammatory and degenerative inflammatory diseases of periodontal disease at different reactivity of the organism, changes were made during hypoergic periodontitis, characterized by leukocyte infiltration of both epithelium and sub epithelial tissues. The research was conducted on 24 white male rats of 180-200 grams each, that were divided into 4 groups: 1 group – intact animals; 2 group – animals with gastroduodenitis with normoergic type of inflammatory reaction; 3 group – animals with gastroduodenitis with hypoergic type of reaction; 4 group – animals with gastroduodenitis with hyperergic one. The acute gastroduodenitis was modeled by probe intragastric input of 0, 25 ml of 10% ethanol and 0,5 ml of 1,25% hydrochloric acid with 5 minutes interval. The following manipulation was conducted once per day 7 days in a row. Hypoergic type of inflammatory reaction was modelled by intramuscular injection of cyclophosphamide in a dose 10 mg/kg of body weight 3 days before and each day of experiment. Hyperergic type of inflammatory reaction was modelled by intramuscular injection of pyrogenalum with 0,9% NaCl – 5 minimal doses during 1 day before and each day of experiment. Anatomical preparation and histological examination of the oral cavity were performed according to the method of G. G. Avtandilov. In the visual inspection of animals in the control group, the mucous membrane of the oral cavity was pale pink, moisture with luster, without visible damage. In animals with normoergic TIR, a change in color from pale pink to pale, mucosa was slightly moist, matte. In the group of animals with hipoergic TIR, a change in color to pale pink with a predominance of pink and moderately moistened mucous membranes. In the group of animals with hyperergic TIR it was found that the mucous membrane of pale pink color with a cyanotic tint, a dense structure, moistened, with swelling of tissues. At microscopic examination of preparations of mucous membrane of cheeks in white rats with normoergic TIR at the 7th day of the trial minor changes were detected. In the epithelium, there was a vacuolation of individual cells, hyperchromatosis of the nuclei, especially in the basal and spinous layers, signs of karyopicnosis, expansion of the intercellular spaces. In animals with normoergic TIR, certain components of the hemocirculatory bed were also affected. In the study group of animals, the size of small salivary glands of the oral cavity decreased, in their secretive epithelium, manifestations of dystrophy were determined. The histological examination of cheek components in rats with normoergic TIR on the 10th day of the study showed that the changes had a similar pattern until the seventh day of the study. In the next study group hypoergic TIR analyzed features of structural reconstruction of the mucous membrane of the cheek. In the study of histological drugs, attention was drawn to the alterative changes in the epithelial layer. Symptoms of epitheliocytes dystrophy were their diminished size, intense basophilia of nuclei, and manifestations of karyopicnosis in places. In animals with hypoergic TIR it was noted that swelling of connective tissue elements with their modest spreading and fragmentation, increased oxyphylline of collagen fibers, and with the coloration of micropreparations by the method of Van Gison - signs of intensification of collagen synthesis. In the microcirculatory channel there were observed stasis. The most pronounced changes in the 7th day of the study were found in animals with hyperergic TIR. In the epithelial layer of the mucous membrane of the cheek of the rats, cells of enhanced hyper keratinization and compaction of the stratum corneum with thickening of the epithelial layer were observed, while in other parts of the epithelium it was grown, and sometimes its focal desquamation was noted. Epitheliocytes of the sphincter and basal layers have undergone significant changes, while their size decreased, in the cytoplasm basophilic stained inclusions were determined, and in the nuclei - signs of karyorexis and cariolysis. Basal layer cells had an unordered location, as well as the basement membrane was not clear. Changes in the submucosal mucosa were manifested by the development of edema with subsequent folding and disorganization of the connective tissue components. In addition, focal lymphocytic infiltration was observed, which was not noted in the previous study groups, and noted atrophy of small salivary glands and fibrosis, as well as swelling and collagen formation in the submucosal region. An important role in the pathogenesis of changes in the mucous membrane of the cheek, played a violation of its vascularization, and confirmation of this thesis can be considered a structural rearrangement of elements of the bloodstream. The features of structural reconstruction of the mucous membrane of the oral cavity (cheeks) under experimental gastroduodenitis were determined. It was established that morphological changes in tissues of the cheeks were unidirectional, but the degree of its manifestation was different, and the most pronounced changes were in the 10th day of the study in animals with hyperergic type of inflammatory reaction. Microscopically in the tissues of male rats, morphological changes are reflected in damaged epithelial cells, disorganization of the connective tissue elements of the submucosal basis and the phenomenon of fibrosis, hemodynamic disorders and changes in blood vessels vessels, which were most significant in animals with hyperergic type of inflammatory reaction.