Ультраструктурні особливості синтетичної діяльності фолікулярних тироцитів при прийманні органічного йоду в умовах аліментарного йододефіциту

Abstract

Досліджувалися кореляційні зв’язки між гормонопродукувальними органелами тироцитів щитоподібних залоз білих щурів, які в умовах дефіциту йоду отримували різні кількості органічного йоду. Ознаками підвищення синтетичної активності були кореляційна узгодженість в будовах субструктур основних гормоносинтезувальних органел, а також їх розмірів і ступеня електронної щільності цитоплазми. Морфологічним еквівалентом було збільшення кількості рибосом: на початкових етапах – у цитоплазмі, а при досягненні достатнього рівня активності – на мембранах гранулярного цитоплазматичного ретикулуму.

Исследовались корреляционные связи гормонсинтезирующих органелл тироцитов щитовидных желез белых крыс, которые в условиях дефицита йода получали разные количества орга- нического йода. Признаками повышения синтетической активности были корреляционная согласованность в строении субструктур основных гормонсинтезирующих органелл, а также их размеров и степени электронной плотности цитоплазмы. Морфологическим эквивалентом было увеличение количества рибосом: на начальных этапах – в цитоплазме, а при достижении достаточного уровня активности – на мембранах гранулярного цитоплазматического ретикулума.

This study was aimed at determining and conceptualizing the morphological characteristics of the organic chemical iodine influence on synthetic activity of the follicular thyrocytes under conditions of alimentary iodine deficiency. The object of the study is presented by the peculiarities of interconnections between the hormone-stimulating ultrastructure of follicular thyrocytes of the experimental animals’ thyroid glands. The animals were consuming different amounts of organic iodine under the model conditions of iodine deficiency in the ration. In order to study features of ultrathin cell organization, the combination of semi-quantitative assessment of the state and the number of their organelles with a correlation analysis of the received digital data was suggested. The study was conducted on thyroid glands of white nonlinear male rats, kept on the iodine deficiency isocaloric starch-casein ration for 30 days. Iodine protein preparation made of the Black Sea industrial red algae (Phyllophora nervosa) was used as the source of organic iodine. The animals were taking it in small (21 mcg/kg), moderate (50 mcg/kg) and significant (100 mcg/kg) doses. It was discovered that consumption of organic iodine under conditions of alimentary iodine deficiency triggers synthetic activity of follicular thyrocytes, which can be traced in correlational coherence of the granular cytoplasmic reticulum structures and the Golgi complex, as well as in their sizes and the degree of electronic density of the cytoplasm. Growing number of ribosomes serves as a morphological sign of thyrocytes’ increased synthetic activity; at initial stages, amount of ribosomes in the cytoplasm grows, and when a sufficient level of hormonal activity is reached, the number of ribosomes on membranes of the granular cytoplasmic reticula increases as well. While receiving 21 mcg/kg of organic iodine, inconsistencies in the amount of ribosomes in cytoplasm and on membranes of the granular cytoplasmic reticulum are observed. There is also a correlational connection between the sufficient amount of ribosomes in the cytoplasm and the extended substructures of the Golgi complex. Such peculiarities of the connections between the components of the thyrocyte synthetic capacity profile are conditioned upon taking organic iodine. The aforementioned indicates the existing functional tension, which in its turn is linked to a certain dissociation of synthesis and maturation of the thyroglobulin molecule. The optimal stimulation of protein synthesis with the consumption of 50 mcg/kg of organic iodine is indicated by the correlation between moderately expressed substructures of the granular cytoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi complex. Under these conditions, ribosomes of the cytoplasm are crucial for reaching a sufficient level of the thyrocyte functional activity. With an increase in the dose of the consumed organic iodine up to 100 mcg/kg, a certain functional tension arises in the thyrocyte, presumably due to the increased protein synthesis. It is indicated by the correlations between moderate electron density of the cytoplasm, moderate amount of its ribosomes and extended elements of the Golgi complex. Under these conditions, ribosomes on granular cytoplasmic membranes of the reticulum are of great importance to the synthetic activity of the thyrocyte.