Патоморфологічне та морфометричне дослідження наднирників за умов іммобілізаційного стресу, висококалорійного харчування та їх сполученого впливу

Abstract

Мета даного дослідження — вивчити морфологічні зміни надниркових залоз за умов іммобі-лізаційного стресу, висококалорійного харчування та їх сполученого впливу. Проведені дослідження пока-зали, що найбільші морфологічні зміни виявлені в групі тварин з іммобілізаційним стресом та групі сполу¬ченого впливу іммобілізаційного стресу та висококалорійного харчування, що проявляються порушенням структури та функцій кіркового та мозкового шару наднирників.; Цель данного исследования — изучить морфологические изменения надпочечников в условиях иммобилизационного стресса, высококалорийного питания и их сочетанного воздействия. Проведенные исследования показали, что наибольшие морфологические изменения выявлены в груп¬пе животных с иммобилизационным стрессом и группе сочетанного воздействия иммобилизационного стресса и высококалорийного питания, что проявляются нарушениями структуры и функций коркового и мозгового слоя надпочечников.; In the first half of the twentieth century Hans Selye found that the actions of various non-specific factors, such as the effect of extreme temperatures, pain, excessive physical or psycho-emotional stress, stimu¬late development of the common pathophysiological changes in the body: involution of the thymus, ulcerogenesis and adrenal hypertrophy. Nowadays, the number, variety and strength of factors that promote stress syndrome significantly increased. Quite interesting is the study of a combination of this factors. For example, the combined effects of stress factors and high calorie diet to various organs and tissues, are not very good investigated. The aim of this investigation was to research of pathomorphological and morphometric changes of adrenal gland at immobilization stress, high calorie diet and their combined effect. Experiments were performed on 40 adult male rats Wistar, weighing 160-330 g. Animals were divided into 4 groups (10 animals each): intact rats, receiving standard feed; chronic immobilization stress for 5 days by Selye H.; animals treated with high calorie diet for 9 weeks by E. Kraegen; animals with combined effect of chronic immobilization stress and high calorie diet. One day after modeling of immobilization stress, animals of all groups were sacrificed under anesthesia. The adrenal glands were fixed in 10% formalin solution and embedded in paraffin and sectioned. The resulting samples were 4-5Ч10-6 m thick. The preparations were stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Histological techniques were performed in accordance to formulations described in manuals of histological techniques and histochemistry. An «Olympus» ВХ-41 microscope (Japan) was used to study and photograph the micro preparations at magnification Ч200Ч400Ч1000. In experiment it was found that the major morphological changes in the group of animals with immobilization stress and combined effect of immobilization stress and high calorie diet. Hyper function of zona fasciculate and nonreversible dystrophic changes in the adrenal gland were found in the group of rats with immobilization stress. It manifested by deterioration of adrenal gland adaptive reserve. Adrenal medulla has evidence of morphofunctional activity stimulation. It helps to maintain of adaptive response to effect of stress factor Group of rats with combined effect of immobilization stress and high calorie diet has changes, that evidence of reduce the ability to synthesize of hormones by zona fasciculate, zona glomerulosa and zona reticularis of adrenal gland cortex. Level of lipids was dicreased in the cells of gland. As a result, synthesis of corticosteroid hormones (glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids and androgenes) was decreased. Adrenal medulla retains earmarks of adaptive response to effect of stress factor.