Количественные и качественные показатели различных видов микроорганизмов в зависимости от степени тяжести заболеваний верхних дыхательных путей

Abstract

В результаті дослідження з 12 в 11 випадках спостерігався високий рівень α-гемолітичного стрептокока в гострій фазі захворювання при бронхіті, що склало 91,7% пацієнтів. У біологічних зразках 10 хворих в гострій фазі бронхіту були виявлені види Neisseria, що становило 83,3% осіб з гострим бронхітом. У ранній період одужання види Neisseria в біологічних зразках виявлялися в ідентичній кількості випадків.

В результате исследования из 12 в 11 случаях наблюдался высокий уровень α-гемолитического стрептококка в острой фазе заболевания при бронхите, что составило 91,7% пациентов. В биологических образцах 10 больных в острой фазе бронхита были обнаружены виды Neisseria, что составляло 83,3% лиц с острым бронхитом. В ранний период выздоровления виды Neisseria в биологических образцах выявлялись в идентичном количестве случаев.

Objective: comparative evaluation of qualitative and quantitative indicators of α-hemolytic Streptococcus and Neisseria species in bronchitis and pneumonia, depending on the severity of the disease. Methods. The results of the analysis of patients with bronchitis (n=12) and pneumonia (n=10) who applied for microbiological analysis to the Central Laboratory of the Republican clinical Hospital named after M. A. Mirkasimov were studied. If necessary, additional microbiological studies were carried out during the exacerbation of the disease and during early recovery. The occurrence and colony-forming unit (CFU) of Streptococcus and Neisseria were determined quantitatively and qualitatively in sputum samples. Results. In sputum samples of 12 patients with bronchitis in the acute period of the disease α-hemolytic Streptococcus was found in 11 of 12 patients, which was 91.7% of this group. Indicators of occurrence of this microorganism in the initial period of recovery were the same as those in the acute period of the disease. It was revealed that α-hemolytic Streptococcus was found in biological samples of 9 out of 10 patients with pneumonia both in the acute period of the disease and in the initial period of recovery, which amounted to 90% of the entire corresponding group. The study of qualitative indicators of streptococci in this group showed that the colony-forming ability of these microorganisms in 12 patients with bronchitis was 6.65±0.22 CFU/ml in the acute period of the disease and slightly less, i.e. 6.57±0.26 CFU/ml in the initial period of recovery. In biological samples of 10 patients with pneumonia colony-forming capacity was 6.32±0.30 CFU/ml in the acute period and slightly higher, i.e. 6.42±0.23 CFU/ml in the initial period of recovery. Hemolytic activity of streptococci was studied as α-, β -, and γ-hemolysis. group a β-hemolytic Streptococcus in agar with RAM blood causes β-hemolysis. There is complete hemolysis around the colony of bacteria. Streptococci groups b, C, and G also cause β-hemolysis, and Viridans streptococci (e.g. Streptococcus salivarius), α – hemolysis, in which are formed the areas of the green. Gamma streptococci do not have hemolytic activity and do not cause hemolysis inside and on the surface of agar. Most group D streptococci, such as Streptococcus faecalis, are non-hemolytic, but this property of microorganisms is variable. In some cases, α-hemolytic Streptococcus and Streptococcus pneumoniae because of similar hemolytic activity can be confused with each other. The cell wall of streptococci consists of antigens M, T, R proteins, as well as carbohydrates and proteoglycans. Carbohydrates “C”, located on the cell wall specific to the group. They are available in all streptococci, except Streptococcus viridans. Depending on the structural differences in the antigen “With” streptococci are divided into groups – the existence of 20 serogroups (A-V): A, B, C, D, .....V. The incidence of representatives of the Neisseria species in patients with pneumonia was 8 people in the acute period of the disease and 7 people in the initial period of recovery, which was respectively 80% and 70%. Colony-forming ability of Neisseria in the acute period of pneumonia was 6.29±0.27 CFU/ml in the initial period of recovery, this figure increased slightly and was equal to 6.35±0.20 CFU/ml. Conclusion. In sputum samples of 12 patients with bronchitis in the acute period of the disease α-hemolytic Streptococcus was found in 11 of 12 patients, which was 91.7% of this group. Representatives of Neisseria were found in 10 of 12 patients with acute bronchitis, which amounted to 83.3% of this group of patients. In the initial period of recovery, the incidence of these microorganisms was the same. The study of qualitative indicators of Neisseria species revealed differences in colony-forming ability of these microorganisms in the acute period of bronchitis and in the initial period of recovery. Thus, the colony-forming index was 6.65±0.22 CFU/ml in the acute period of the disease and slightly less, i.e. 6.57±0.26 CFU/ml in the initial period of recovery.