Оцінка морфо-функціональних змін периферичних відділів легені після впливу гострого іммобілізаційного стресу

Abstract

Метою дослідження було вивчення морфо-функціональних змін у периферичних відділах легень білих щурів лінії Вістар після впливу гострого імобілізаційного стресу. Експеримент було виконано на 40 білих щурах-самцях лінії Вістар, з яких 20 зазнавали впливу експериментального стресу, а 20 складали контрольну групу. Після забою тварин проводився макроскопічний огляд органів грудної клітки та гістологічне дослідження легень. Було встановлено, що експериментальний гострий іммобілізаційний стрес має виражений несприятливий вплив на периферичні відділи легень щурів лінії Вістар, викликає деструкцію легеневої тканини, геморагічні явища та порушення гемомікроциркуляції; Целью исследования было изучение морфо-функциональных изменений в периферических отделах легких белых крыс линии Вистар после воздействия острого иммобилизационного стресса. Эксперимент был выполнен на 40 белых крысах-самцах линии Вистар, из которых 20 подвергались воздействию экспериментального стресса, а 20 составляли контрольную группу. После забоя животных проводился макроскопический осмотр органов грудной клетки и гистологическое исследование легких. Было установлено, что экспериментальный острый иммобилизационный стресс имеет выраженное неблагоприятное влияние на периферические отделы легких крыс линии Вистар, вызывает деструкцию легочной ткани, геморрагические явления и нарушение гемомикроциркуляции; Introduction. Modern man often faces the influence produced by many unfavorable environmental factors that requires ever-lasting body adaptation. Reactions which occur in the body, are often turned from the normal adaptation to the pathogenesis of various diseases. In particular, the human lungs are extremely sensitive to adverse endogenous and exogenous factors. Among the causes that affect the condition of the respiratory system, primary attention is stress. Currently a lot of research works of national and foreign researchers focus on studying the effects produced by stress factors on respiratory organs, but the deep morphological and functional changes in the lungs during stress remains are still little known. Objective. The aim of the study was to evaluate the morphological and functional changes in the peripheral regions of the lungs in Wistar rats after exposure to modeled acute immobilization stress. Materials and methods. The study was performed on 40 Wistar white male rats weighed 240-260 g, aged 8-10 months. First, the experimental group consisted of 20 animals exposed to experimental acute immobilization stress. Second, the control group included 20 similar intact rats. To play an experimental model of acute immobilization stress rats were immobilized in a horizontal position on the back for 6 hours. Decapitation performed under intraperitoneal thiopental-sodium anesthesia. For histological examination of the lungs of microtome sections were stained with hematoxylin-eosin by Hart-Van Hizonom and Mallory. All the experimental part of the study was conducted in accordance with international principles "European convention for the protection of vertebrate animals used for experimental and other scientific purposes" (Strasbourg, 1985 ) and the law of Ukraine "On protection of animals from cruelty". Results. During the examination of the lungs of rats exposed to experimental acute immobilization stress were found multiple pinpoint hemorrhages leaf between visceral pleura and lung parenchyma. Visually, the increase in the volume of each lung was observed. Color of both lungs was red and pink on all their surfaces revealed numerous dark red polymorphic hemorrhage. Performed on lung tissue sections was vibrant, had reddish-pink color. On the cut surface freely flowed foam-hemorrhagic fluid. Bronchial lumen was filled with muco-hemorrhagic content. In the control group of rats visible changes in the lungs during macroscopic examination were not found. Histological examination of the peripheral lung of rats and structural changes manifested primarily significant expansion of the alveoli. Locally defined morphological signs of destruction of the alveolar wall destruction with areas of cytoplasmic processes alveolocyte type I. Local destruction and desquamation of respiratory alveolocyte led to the exposure of the basement membrane, in the lumen of the alveoli near the damaged areas defined cell conglomerates in various stages of degradation, fibrin and erythrocytes. Also in the cavities of the alveoli was found destroyed and indestructible alveolar macrophages and type II alveolocyte. In small intrapulmonary bronchi of rats and observed destructive changes manifested vacuolation of the cytoplasm of epithelial cells, destruction of cell-cell contacts and loss of integrity of the epithelial layer. Red blood cells were found in the lumen and cellular detritus. In the connective tissue lamina propria revealed signs of hydration. All links hemomicrocirculation channel peripheral regions of the lungs of rats of the experimental group was discovered phenomenon of blood stasis – their education were tightly filled with red blood cells. The animals of the control group showed no significant morphological changes in the lungs. Conclusions. Acute immobilization stress produces a marked adverse effect on the peripheral regions of the lungs in Wistar rats. At the macroscopic level effects produced by acute stress causes the distinct hemorrhagic phenomena in the peripheral regions of the lungs, and at the microscopic level this leads to the development degradation phenomena, hemorrhagic changes and disturbance of microcirculation.