Кількісна і морфометрична характеристика структурних компонентів піднижньощелепних слинних залоз

Abstract

В роботі проведено кількісний і метричний аналіз структурних елементів піднижньощелепних слинних залоз людини, собаки, морської свинки, кроля, і щура. Виявлені середні метричні показники свідчать, що повного співпадіння між такими у людини та лабораторних тварин не має. При проведенні експериментальних досліджень на піднижньощелепних слинних залозах потрібно обов’яково враховувати особливості морфометричних характеристик та кількісних показників структурних їх компонентів при інтерпретації розвитку патологічних процесів в експерименті; В работе проведен количественный и метрический анализ структурных элементов поднижнечелюстных слюнных желез человека, собаки, морской свинки, кролика и крысы. Установленные средние метрические показатели свидетельствуют, что полного совпадения между такими у человека и лабораторных животных нет. При проведении экспериментальных исследований на поднижнечелюстных слюнных железах нужно обязательно учитывать особенности морфометрических характеристик и количественных показателей структурных их компонентов при интерпретации развития патологических процессов в эксперименте; Abstract. Nowadays, diseases associated with pathological processes, that occur in the major salivary glands become widespread. Morphological examination of any organ provides profound knowledge regarding pathological processes, that can develop depending on various factors. The aim of research was to determine the baseline data regarding the size of the structural components of human and laboratory animals submandibular salivary glands (dog, Guinea pig, rabbit, rat). Submandibular salivary glands of men (male), rats, rabbits, dogs, Guinea pigs (males) were used for research. The detailed examination at optical and electronomicroscopic levels determined that submandibular salivary glands of laboratory animals and humans had both common and distinctive morphological characteristics. The morphological and morphometric study has determined that human submandibular salivary glands were covered with connective tissue capsule outside and composed of the gland stroma, where the blood vessels, nerve components located, as well as end divisions of two types: protein and mixed, the duct system included: intercalated, striated, interlobar. Morphometric evaluation determined that the average diameter of the arterioles lumen in human submandibular salivary glands was 12.17±0,21 μm, the capillaries had an average diameter 8.4±0,21 μm, and the average diameter of venules was 17.75±0.49 μm. While examining the structural components of human submandibular salivary glands it was determined that the average number of serous cells of protein acini was 7.4±0.28 in 10 visual fields (v/f), and their average size was 7.45±0.15 μm. They contained polymorphous secretory granules, the average number of which amounted to 81.48±1.94 μm and their average diameter was 1.31±0.03 nm. The average number of basket cells of protein acini was equal to 1.3±0.12, their average size amounted to 1.67±0.02 μm, the thickness of the basal membrane averaged 28.46±0,69 nm. The morphometric examination of the duct system determined that the average number of epithelial cells in intercalated ducts of human submandibular salivary glands was 6.5±0.26 in v/f, the number of basket cells was 1.11±0.32, the height of epithelial cells – 4.8±0.13 microns, the average size of basket cells was 1.49±0.01 μm, the thickness of basal membrane – 33.34±0.71 nm. The morphometric parameters of the striated ducts structural components of human submandibular salivary glands were as follows: the number of epithelial cells – 31.8±0.63; the height of epithelial cells – 11.37±0.25 μm, the thickness of basal membrane – 28.18±0.11 nm. Interlobar ducts: the number of epithelial cells was 57.01±0.94, their height – 8.14±0.38 μm, the thickness of basal membrane was 40.36±0.68 nm. The morphometric and quantitative examination of the structural components of human and laboratory animals submandibular salivary glands determined, that these indicators were directly dependent on the species origin. The average metric data indicated that there was no complete concordance in findings between humans and laboratory animals. While conducting experimental studies of submandibular salivary glands, it is necessary to consider the peculiarities of the morphometric characteristics and quantitative indicators of the structural components in their interpretation of the pathological processes development in experiment.