Структурна організація передміхурової залози

Abstract

Серед захворювань сечостатевої системи чоловіків близько 20-30% припадає на запальні процеси передміхурової залози. Причиною виникнення простатиту може бути патогенна або умовно-патогенна мікрофлора, яка здатна проникати у передміхурову залозу різними шляхами. Так як, передміхурова залоза має добре розвинуте венозне сплетення до якого впадають вени прямої кишки, сечового міхура, яєчок, то гематогенному шляху інфікування відводиться значне місце. Занесення мікроорганізмів з інших інфікованих ділянок організму також може відбуватися лімфогенним шляхом; Воспалительные процессы в предстательной железе занимают 20-30% среди заболеваний мочеполовой системы мужчин. Причиной возникновения простатита может быть патогенная или условно-патогенная микрофлора, проникающая в предстательную железу разными путями. Венозное сплетение предстательной железы хорошо развито, в него впадают вены прямой кишки, мочевого пузыря, яичек и поэтому гематогенный путь является первоочередным. Занесение микрофлоры может происходить также и лимфогенным путем; Among diseases of the men genitourinary system, prostate inflammatory processes amount about 20-30%. Prostatitis may be caused by pathogenic or potentially pathogenic microflora, which can penetrate the prostate gland in different ways. The prostate gland has a well-developed venous plexus, where the veins of rectum, bladder and testes end, consequently, hematogenous route of infection should be taken into account. Infection by micro-organisms from other infected body areas can also occur through lymphogenous route. Urethroprostatic reflux, which causes the urine and urethra contents leaking into the prostate gland ducts, plays significant role in the prostate infection. The upward path of infection (ingress of disturbing agent through the urethra during the acute urethritis) and the descending path (ingress of microorganisms to the gland through the infected urine in cystitis, pyelonephritis) are defined. Copulative dysfunction and infertility can be the result of a prolonged inflammatory process in the prostate gland. The main clinical forms of prostatitis are infectious (75-85%) and congestive (10%). The last 15-20 years the course of prostatitis has worsened. The prostate gland performs a number of important functions, that provide proper activity of the men genitourinary system. The process of specific secretion of fluid, which contains, in addition to water, mixtures of calcium, potassium, sodium, zinc salts, includes prostate – and sperm binding polyamines, lecithin, spermine, proteins, citric acid, fructose, acid phosphatase, and others, occupies the leading place. The components of given fluid influence variously on the sperm condition, processes of ejaculation and urination. For example, a balanced ratio of citric acid, salts and water provides the sperm survival, because these cells can exist only in weakly alkaline or neutral environment. During sex intercourse the movement of sperm through the male reproductive system is provided by the contraction of smooth muscles, and semen, mixing with the prostate fluid, becomes more active. Interfusing with gland secretion also prevents cells agglutination. The sperm can be active in the female genital organs for several days after sex intercourse. It is provided by fructose, maltose, phospholipids and lecithin, which ensure adequate nutrition and support of the cells functional activity. During urination smooth muscles, located in the prostatic capsule, are involved in muscle contraction of the pelvic floor, sphincters and muscles of the bladder, prostatic part of urethra. The prostate gland plays a special role in testosterone transformation. Under the influence of gland enzymes this hormone is transformed into dehidrotestosteron, which in turn, participates in the regulation of prostate gland secretion. Biologically active substances, such as polyamines, local immunoglobulines (IgA), zinc-peptide complex produced in the gland have a marked antimicrobial, antibacterial effect and prevent infection of the men urogenital system by pathogenic microorganisms and transient microflora representatives. On the basis of the mentioned data, it was stated that the prostate gland provides an important function in ensuring male fertility, urination process, maintenance of hormonal homeostasis and immune protection of the genitourinary system.