Гігієнічна оцінка дозового навантаження іонізуючої радіації на працівників нафтогазовидобувних підприємств

Abstract

В роботі проаналізовані результати індивідуального дозиметричного контролю, проведеного на окремих об’єктах нафтогазодобувної промисловості, на яких виявлені техногенно-підсилені радіоактивні джерела природного походження. Проведена радіаційно-гігієнічна оцінка дозового навантаження на працівників нафтогазового комплексу Полтавської області на прикладі підприємства НГВУ "Полтаванафтогаз"; В роботе проведен анализ результатов индивидуального дозиметрического контроля, проведенного на отдельных объектах нефтегазодобывающей промышленности, на которых выявлены техногенно усиленные радиоактивные источники естественного происхождения. Дана радиационно-гигиеническая оценка дозовой нагрузки на работников нефтегазового комплекса Полтавской области на примере предприятия НГДУ «Полтаванефтегаз». При определении дозовой нагрузки на работников цехов НГДУ «Полтаванефтегаз» , за счет внешнего облучения в 2003 - 2011 рр., методом индивидуального дозиметрического контроля установлено, что с увеличением продолжительности эксплуатации нефтегазовых скважин и месторождений наблюдается увеличение дозовой нагрузки на работников цехов, в которых добывается и производится первичная обработка нефти и газа. В цехах предприятия, где наблюдалось значительное радиационное загрязнение технологического оборудования отмечено превышение средних значений дозовой нагрузки на работников этих цехов над средними значениями дозовой нагрузки на работников на предприятии в целом за весь период наблюдения; The problem of contamination of areas and equipment for oil and gas fields is relevant and specifically studied in many regions that produce oil and gas. Information about the high radioactivity of the mixture of oil and water in oil companies stepped up environmental services. Radiation control is a necessary component in the oil and gas industry. Rationing exposure of workers who are not covered under the definition of "employee" technologically rich natural radioactive sources was first reflected in the adopted in 2005. "Basic Sanitary Rules of Radiation Safety in Ukraine".These rules establish requirements for radiation monitoring of businesses that use sources that are high in natural radionuclides. Analysis of the available literature showed that the dose burden on the oil and gas industry is currently in the Ukraine was studied and requires careful consideration to avoid higher levels of impact on the personnel of these organizations. The article analyzes the results of individual monitoring, conducted in selected sites of the oil and gas industry, which were found technologically enhanced natural radioactive sources. Hygienic assessment conducted radiation exposure of workers to the oil and gas complex of the Poltava region. Individual monitoring shall be conducted for the following professions: operators in oil and gas, masters, driller, assistant driller, locksmiths, master complex work, electric welders, mechanics - repairers. One of the most important indicators of radiation safety of employees who use radiation technology or whose work involves radioactive sources of natural or artificial origin is the individual annual effective dose of external radiation. Analyzing the results of the comparison between the average annual effective dose of external radiation workers in each section and the average dose during the observation period. In addition, the comparison of average values of dose accumulation employees during the observation period in each department and dose accumulation over the average follow-up period in the company. In determining the dose for workers workshops businesses due to external irradiation in 2003 - 2011 рр. individual monitoring is set: 1. With increasing duration of use of oil and gas wells increased dose for workers who produce and carry out primary processing of oil and gas. 2. The average annual effective dose from external exposure , which was defined by individual dosimetry was 0,225 to 0,810 mSv • year-1. 3. In units which were found significant contamination of process equipment exceeding average values observed doses for the workers of these units over the mean values of doses company's employees as a whole for the entire period of observation. 4. The actual dose, number of employees and the fact that the study does not include internal dose of workers due to inhalation of short-and long-lived natural radionuclides indicate the need for further study of this problem.