Моніторинг основних факторів ризику серцево-судинних захворювань

Abstract

Нами була вивчена поширеність факторів ризику ССЗ (артеріальна гіпертензія, гіперхолестеринемія, ожиріння, куріння). Надзвичайно висока поширеність основних факторів ризику свідчить про ріст щодо серцево-судинних захворювань та про необхідність продовження більш активного застосування відомих і пошуку нових способів профілактики серцево-судинних захворювань, змінити суспільну свідомість у популяції щодо ставлення до власного здоров’я; Нами была изучена распространенность факторов риска ССЗ (артериальная гипертензия, гиперхолестеринемия, ожирение, курение). Чрезвычайно высокая распространенность основных факторов риска свидетельствует о росте по сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний и о необходимости продолжения более активного применения известных и поиска новых способов профилактики сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний, изменить общественное сознание в популяции по отношению к собственному здоров’ю; The experience of countries achieved a significant reducing mortality from cardiovascular diseases shows the importance of modern methods of diagnosis and treatment, as well as necessity for the active preventive measures among the population. The basis of prevention is monitoring and correction of risk factors. The search`s purpose is examination of expansion of CD risk factors among residents of Poltava region. Search`s object and methods. For the purpose of standardized survey conducted Poltava residents aged 18 to 80 years. The search program provided: a survey through the WHO standard cardiology questionnaire, filling out forms contained medical history and socio-demographic data; registration of the electrocardiogram at rest and 12 standard leads; blood pressure (BP); anthropometry; sampling of fasting venous blood to determine the lipid plasma; survey on smoking and physical activity. Results and their discussion It was found that the situation on control under hypertension is worse with men: they do usually know that the have a high blood pressure, a lower percentage of them are under medical treatment and, so, there is lower efficiency among them. The highest hypertension rate is among the persons with higher education and it does not depend of gender. The process of blood pressure measuring by both the doctor (at the reception) and patient (at home) is worth to be particularly noted. The importance of technically correct measurement of blood pressure are shown in the work of Radwal R., according to this work in 50% of cases the hypertension was wrongly diagnosed in the result of incorrect measurement of blood pressure .Known factors inflated the actual numbers of blood pressure include: wrong choice of cuff, incorrect position of the patient (unfixed back, legs crossed, hand that place below the heart), an abnormal blood pressure measurement techniques (examination without previous rest, imposing cuffs on sleeves, re-pumping, measuring only on one hand) the behavior of the patient before the measurement of pressure (smoking, making coffee). Non-ignoring these factors allow to prevent such problems. Search`s results show the high prevalence of cholesteremia: 35.3% of men and 49.4% women require the prevention interventions, and among them each fifth patient, regardless of gender, has a high value of total cholesterol (≥ 6 mmol 2 / l).Among the analyzed risk factors the most common concerning the men (44.5%) and least common concerning the women (16.3%) is smoking. More than third of men and almost half of women are sedentary. With age, the prevalence of physical inactivity slightly increases but insignificantly. Even at a young age (18-24 years), the level of physical activity of each fourth man and second woman is defined as insufficient. Thus, in our study the problem of overweight were at more than half of the patients, regardless of gender, and the prevalence of obesity among women is by 1.8 times higher than among men. The combination of smoking with alcohol consumption at patients with hypertension increases the body mass index. It is found that significant influence on the developing coronary heart disease at women aged up to 55 has resulted by factors such as smoking with glucose, lipid disorders, gynecological disorders and diseases of the thyroid gland. At atherosclerotic lesions of coronary arteries the determining factor is smoking in combination with glucose and pathological menopause. Conclusions. 1. Extremely high spreading of major risk factors certifies that there is growth of cardiovascular disease and there is necessity to conduct and use all known and finding new ways to prevent cardiovascular disease 2. The public consciousness among population on attitudes to their health should be changed 3. The basis of primary prevention should be the early diagnosis of CD, the correction of high blood pressure, screening tests to identify dyslipidemia, metabolic disorders (obesity, diabetes), healthy lifestyle.