Проблеми раннього дитячого карієсу в іноземній літературі

Abstract

Ранній дитячий карієс (РДК) є дієт-індукованим захворюванням, яке характеризується раннім початком і швидким прогресуванням. Це призводить до функціонального, естетичного, психологічного порушення розвитку дитини, викликає велике занепокоєння батьків і стоматологів. Пізні наслідки можуть тривати ще довго після його первинної діагностики, до них відносяться недостатнє харчування, низька самооцінка, порушення постійного прикусу. Профілактичні заходи не матимуть успіху, якщо батьки не виконуватимуть рекомендацій стоматолога щодо режиму харчування та гігієнічних заходів по догляду за порожниною рота. Не лише стоматологи та педіатри, а також суспільство повинне визнати, що РДК є не просто індивідуальною проблемою раннього дитинства. Це вимагає спільних зусиль акушерів-гінекологів, педіатрів і стоматологів в питанні збереження здоров’я дітей. Ранний детский кариес (РДК) является диет-индуцированным заболеванием, которое характеризуется ранним началом и быстрым прогрессированием. Это приводит к функциональному, эстетическому, психологическому нарушению развития ребенка, вызывает большое беспокойство родителей и стоматологов. Поздние последствия могут продолжаться еще долго после его первичной диагностики, к ним относятся недостаточное питание, низкая самооценка, нарушение постоянного прикуса. Профилактические меры не будут иметь успеха, если родители не будут выполнять рекомендации стоматолога относительно режима питания и гигиенических мероприятий по уходу за полостью рта. Не только стоматологи и педиатры, а также общество должно признать, что РДК это не просто индивидуальная проблема раннего детства. Это требует совместных усилий акушеров-гинекологов, педиатров и стоматологов в вопросе сохранения здоровья детей. Caries is the most widespread chronic diseases of childhood, which is present in 5 times more often than asthma and in 4 times more often than obesity and in 20 times more often than diabetes mellitus. It is considered that caries is a disease which cannot be eliminated through difficult interaction of cultural, social, behavioral biological risk factors which are associated with beginning and development. Children of early, preschool and school age require dentist’s attention. Caries of temporary teeth presents the specific group. Early infant caries is present in child from 1 to 6 years old and is characterized by one or more damaged teeth by caries. Early infant caries is a problem of all health care system and continues affecting babies and children of preschool age worldwide. Detailed review of epidemiology of early infant caries demonstrated that its spread varies in different groups of population. This information defines link between low social and economic status and early infant caries. Children from families with low financial status are the most vulnerable to caries and it doesn’t depend on race, culture or ethic affiliation. Early infant caries is diet-induced disease, which is characterized by early beginning and quick progression. Major part of authors prove that caries is accompanied with diet, when the structure of consumption has some peculiarities such as snacks long-lasting breast feeding, and also often snacks during night time that causes accumulation of milk on teeth which can cause the formation of plaque. It causes functional, aesthetic, psychological disorders of child’s development and causes dentist’s and parents’ anxiety. Late consequences can be long-lasting after the first diagnostics. They include insufficient diet, low self-assessment and damage of bite.Essential risk factor of early infant caries is early colonization of oral cavity by carious microorganisms such as Streptococcus mutans. Early infant caries is infectious disease. Streptococcus Mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus are the most widespread activators. Besides, S. Mutans, in children with early infant caries in carious teeth lactobacillus was defined. Number of Lactobacilli in carious cavities was significantly higher, than in adjacent surfaces of teeth. Matee M.I. et al., 1992, consider that lactic-acid bacterium play an important role in carious process progression but not in its initiation. Early infection of S. Mutans is key part for early infant caries development. P.W. Caufield, G.R. Cutter and A.P. Dasanayake, 1994, announced about vertical transmission from educator to child. According to investigations such as Y. Li, P.W. Caufield et al., 2005, neonatal factors can also increase the risk of early infection S. Mutans through vertical transmission. Babies by cesarean operation are infected S. Mutans earlier than toddlers who came into the world vaginally. Preventive measures will not succeed, if parents do not perform recommendations of diet regimen and oral hygiene techniques. Not only dentists and pediatricians and also society must understand that early infant caries is not individual problem of early childhood. It requires mutual efforts of obstetricians, pediatricians and dentists in child’s health. Early infant caries is a problem of all health care system which continues affecting babies, children of preschool and school children in world. Detailed review of epidemiology of early infant caries demonstrated that its spread varies in different groups of population. This information defines link between low social and economic status and early infant caries. Children from families with