Структурно – функціональний стан стінки жовчного міхура людини

Abstract

В роботі вивчалися особливості будови стінки жовчного міхура людини у порівняльно-анатомічному аспекті, що зможе допомогти у вирішенні проблеми профілактики виникнення жовчнокам’яної хвороби та ефективного лікування запальних процесів в органах гепатобіліарної системи. Структурне різноманіття будови стінки жовчного міхура, без сумнівів, можна пояснити зміною функціональних проявів елементів стінки жовчного міхура; В работе изучали особенности строения стенки желчного пузыря человека в сравнительно-анатомическом аспекте, что сможет помочь в решении проблемы профилактики возникновения желчекаменной болезни и эффективного лечения воспалительных процессов в органах гепатобиллиарной системы. Структурное многообразие строения стенки желчного пузыря, без сомнений, можно объяснить изменением функциональных проявлений элементов стенки желчного пузиря; The histological specimen examination of the gallbladder wall revealed some structure peculiarities of the wall structural elements in the areas of the bottom, body and neck of the gallbladder. In the bottom portion, the inner surface of the gallbladder contains numerous folds of the mucous membrane. The folds have the structure, that includes broad basis and in passing to the apex, they gradually become narrower. The height of such mucosal folds differs significantly. These folds form the processes, which connecting with the similar processes of adjacent folds, form different-sized tunnels. While, some folds of the mucous membrane have free processes, that are not involved in formation of connections between adjacent folds. Some mucosal folds, mainly low, do not form processes. It should be noted, that the thickened formations occur between the separate adjacent folds of the mucous membrane and contain numerous small thin-walled vascular elements of the microvasculature, but relatively large vessels are not observed in them. Small vascular structures form the great number of anastomoses with the similar elements of microcirculatory bloodstream, located in the proper mucous plate. Examination of the wall specimen in various parts of the gallbladder body revealed the complexity of mucous membrane of microvascular system. In some mucous membrane folds of these areas, the relatively large thin-walled vessels were observed. More often these vessels are located in the apices of the mucous membrane folds, but sometimes they can be revealed in the mid portion of the folds. The proper mucous plate is characterized by significant decrease in the number and diameter of microcirculatory vessels. But it was revealed the increase in the number and diameter of vascular elements of the mucous membrane folds. The muscular layer of the cervical wall is thickened and its clear separation into two layers can be determined. While, some specimen contain formation of the small adipose tissue layer. The neurovascular bundles are located in such adipose layers. More effective gall bladder drainage is also facilitated by the presence of the large number of anastomoses between the vascular elements of the mucous membrane folds and microvessels of the proper mucous plate. The structural peculiarities of the mucous membrane surface relief provide reabsorption processes of water and other components of bile. The research states, that the mucous membrane forms the folds of different height and width to the bladder cavity in all parts of the gall bladder. The numerous formations between the adjacent mucous membrane folds often occur, thus forming the system of different-sized tunnels with bile circulation. Since all the folds and their combinations are covered with epithelium, correspondingly, the surface area that is directly in contact with the bile, significantly increases. Therefore, due to the structural characteristics of the mucous membrane, the significant increase in the epithelium surface area is achieved, and as consequence, the efficiency of the bile concentration process increases. Significant functional load, which the surface epithelium carries out, causes rapid amortization and desquamation.