Cемантические процессы в лексико-семантическом поле партитивной лексики

Abstract

Рассмотрены возможности коммуникативной модели значения при системном описании функционирования единиц лексико-семантического поля партитивной лексики в современном русском языке. Как и в любой динамической структуре, в лексико-семантическом поле партитивной лексики наблюдаются “горизонтальные” (внутриполевые) и “вертикальные” (межполевые) семантические процессы, характерные для существования данного поля как микросистемы в лексико-семантической системе современного русского языка. Иллюстративный материал исчисляется в 10 тыс. примеров; Розглянуто можливості комунікативної моделі значення при системному описі функціонування одиниць лексико-семантичного поля партитивної лексики в сучасній російській мові. Як і в будь-якій динамічній структурі, в цьому полі спостерігаються "горизонтальні" (внутрішньопольові) і "вертикальні" (міжпольові) семантичні процеси, характерні для існування поля як мікросистеми в лексико-семантичній системі сучасної російської мови. Ілюстративний матеріал налічує 10 тис. прикладів; The object of our research is partitive lexicon of modern Russian which is united by a complex of language characteristics and they confirm her system organization. This system includes the circle of substantive nominations (232 units) which identification is carried out across the identifier a part of the wholewhich mean 'the separated fragment or remained as a result of division from the whole which is characterized by relative independence, incompleteness and absence of their own nomination beforeseparation' (for example, a piece, a splinter, a fragment, a rag – parts of solid substance; a drop, splashes, a sip – parts of liquid substance; an extract, a fragment, the quote – parts of fine art, etc.). Set semas, that defining this meaning, is produced in the invariant component ‘partitivnost’this is arkhisemy of lexico-semantic field of partitive lexicon.The lexico-semantic area of partitive lexicon as one of fragments of dynamic structure of language represents the system of communications of "horizontal" (intrafield) and "vertical" (interfield) character which aredefining in the articlebasis on the principles of communicative model of meaning through the analysis the semas’ modifications of the meaning in the communicative act. Our illustrative material consists of 10 thousand examples. To the regular and frequent uses of "horizontal" (intrafield) semantic processes belong synonymy, comparison, intrafield variation of lexico-semantic options. The intrafield variation of partitiv is carried out, the first, through updating of an arkhisema of the field 'partitivnost' and a certain set of semas from the structure of meaning, the second, through updating of a certain set of semasfrom the value without updating thearkhisema of the field 'partitivnost' (figurative uses of transitional type). Two principles for classification of "vertical" (interfield) semantic processes are based: 1) direction of action of processes (centrifugal and centripetal processes), 2) division of conditions of the nomination (direct and figurative nomination). The interfield variation of partitiv and units of the interacting fields consists in updating of the new semas causing an explication of separate, independent meaning. The structure of lexico-semantic field of partitive lexicon shows a tendency to balance and streamlining of its organizational basis that is expressed in regulation of scale, direction and rate of intrafield transfers of meaning, and also levels of penetration and partsellyarny accessory of other fields as a result of action of centripetal processes. It is indicative that in general centrifugal and centripetal processes represent two symmetric semantic processes not only on an orientation, but also in the substantial plan. Stability and symmetry of the majority of external semantic processes indicates a dialect of communications between fragments of language, and also allows predicting possible semantic innovations.