Фізичні властивості реставраційних матеріалів при різній глибині препарування твердих тканин зубів

Abstract

Працюючи над даною публікацією ми хотіли висвітлити деякі фізичні властивості найбільш розповсюджених реставраційних матеріалів. Для експерименту набирались зуби (премоляри, різці) без значних ушкоджень коронкової частини (найчастіше видалені за ортодонтичними показниками). За даними наших досліджень найбільш оптимальну силу зв’язку з емаллю зуба мають композитний матеріал у поєднанні із адгезивом V покоління, та польовошпатна кераміка, при препаруванні в межах дентину всі досліджені матеріали володіють еквівалентним значенням міцності; Работая над данной публикацией, мы хотели осветить некоторые физические свойства наиболее распространенных реставрационных материалов. Для эксперимента набирались зубы (премоляры, резцы) без значительных повреждений коронковой части (чаще удалены по ортодонтическим показаниям). По данным наших исследований наиболее оптимальную силу связи с эмалью зуба имеют композитный материал в сочетании с адгезивом V поколения, и полевошпатная керамика, при препарировании в пределах дентина все исследованные материалы обладают эквивалентными значениями прочности; Nowadays, there are two different approaches to the treatment of defects of hard tissues of anterior teeth. There is a direct recovery method with composite materials and an indirect method with the usage of ceramic restorations. The issue of choice an optimal method of the preparation of hard tissues for appropriate types of restorations is relevant. Some scientists raised the question of choice between direct composite resin restorative techniques and indirect ceramic techniques. The choice of many authors leaned towards indirect ceramic restoration because of their better physical, mechanical and esthetic properties. Aim. Working on this publication, we wanted to highlight some physical properties of the most commonly used composite resin restoration materials and dental ceramic materials. Object and methods. For the experiment intact teeth (premolars, incisors) were selected (extracted according to orthodontic prescriptions). For the experiment selected teeth were prepared from the vestibular surface to a corresponding depth, within enamel or dentine. Totally 60 teeth were selected (30 prepared within to dentin, 30 with the depth of preparation within the enamel). The technique of determining of the tensile strength means the determining of the destructive force value on the sample. The tests were performed on the universal AUTOGRAPH AGS-J tearing machine, which provides an effort of 0-12 kN. The speed of the clamps of the machine is (5 ± 0,5) mm /min. The tensile strength was calculated by the formula: A = F / S * 0,0981, where: F – the destructive force at which the sample is destroyed, kgf; S – the surface area at which the destruction occurs, cm². Results and discussion. The results of the studies have shown that the average tensile strength (kgf / cm2 in samples, which have been thermocycled, and prepared within the dentin, for the EsthetX and V generation adhesives was 35.07 ± 6.08; VII generation adhesive – 16,92 ± 1,99; EX3 -32.24 ± 2.83; IPS Empress – 25.86 ± 3.34. In samples prepared without dentine exposure: for the EsthetX and V generation adhesives, on average, was 51.9 ± 5.53; with the VII generation of adhesive – 33.08 ± 2.27; EX 3 – 49.61 ± 8.82; IPS Empress – 34.34 ± 3.84. Conclusions. According to our research, the most effective bonding relationship with hard tooth tissues was present is the composite resin Esthet X in combination with the adhesive of the V generation, and the EX3 fieldspatic ceramics if the preparation was performed within the enamel. The strength of all investigated materials is in the same range, but taking into account the factor of water absorption and aesthetic stability, field-spatic ceramic and leucite glass based ceramic should be considered as the material of choice. Prospects for the further research. This study is promising and requires an augmentation of samples quantity for studying in order to get a greater reliability. Also a promising tactic seems to be further studies of other physical and chemical properties of materials (shear strength, abrasion resistance, color stability etc.).