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(Полтавський державний медичний університет, 2025) Baidi, A.; Bourtal, Y.; Assali, Y.; Maatof, Ou.; Tkachenko, O.; Ткаченко, Олена Вікторівна; Tkachenko, O.

There are two forms of thalassemia – alpha- and beta-, though clinically thalassemia is divided into minor, intermediate and major. Beta-thalassemia rate is 6-7% in Morocco (S.S. Khandker, 2023) with prevalence in Casablanca 5% among all cities (S. El Kababi, 2019), alpha-thalassemia 0,96%, particularly in the North (A.Laghmich et al., 2019), minor form 1,2% in a whole country. Carriers rate is 6,5% on beta-thalassemia (N.Marzouki, 2022), alpha-thalassemia 0,30% (I.Belmokhtar et al., 2025) and 8% on both thalassemia types (A.Laghmich et al., 2019). Morocco East became thalassemia region after its North and West (I.Belmokhtar et al., 2022). In Rabat, there was a research set which results demonstrated beta-thalassemia major dependence on HLA antigens of both I and II class (S. Ouadghiri et al., 2024). Novel beta-thalassemia variants (C6(-G) and -83(A>G) as well as Hb structural variant D-Ouled Rabah have been discovered first in Morocco. Beta-thalassemia represents the most widely-distributed hemoglobinopathy in Morocco while hemoglobinosis C takes the second position, alpha-thalassemia the third, hemoglobinosis G-Philadelphia - the fourth, D-Ouled Rabah and O-Arab the fifth one (I.Belmokhtar et al., 2025). Morocco has hemoglobinosis C representing mutant Hb with glutaminic acid replacement into lysine in its beta-chain 6 th position. Moroccan people have not only softer heterozygous form with no anemy but also harder homozygous form with moderate hemolytic anemy and Hb crystals in blood smears. Hemoglobinosis C is distributed in Southern Morocco at a greater extent (N.Marzouki, 2022). A combination between these Hb types represents more difficult pathological condition by course than separate hemoglobinoses. There are the data according to which beta-thalassemia can be in a complex with hemoglobinoses C and S with especially hard form of the disease, met in Eastern Morocco mainly (I.Belmokhtar, 2022), except Southern part of the country. Northern Moroccan city Kenitra is distinguished by sickle cell syndromes or hemoglobinosis S in children. Sickle-cell anemy carriers rate is 6,5% and morbidity 80% in the North and 10,5% in other parts of the country (N.Marzouki, 2022).

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Hormonal profile peculiarities on pancreatic, thyroid and suprarenal hormones in nigeria

(Полтавський державний медичний університет, 2025) Yussif, A.; Entonu, P.; Tkachenko, O.; Ткаченко, Олена Вікторівна; Tkachenko, O.

Approximately 4,5% of Nigerians had diabetes mellitus in 2019 (O.Oguejiofor et al., 2019). Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus comprises only less than 3% of all the patients, had double increase from 2019th values and showed 21,7% of people (M.Adeyemi Olamoyegun et al., 2024), approximately 3,9 mln in 2019 and will be almost 6 mln by 2045 by forecasting (C.E. Nwator et al., 2024). Mostly Nigerian people between 41 and 60 years get sick (O.O.Adevumi et al., 2022). Elevating in fasting blood glucose and glycosylated Hb more than 6,5% are met rather often in Nigeria whiledefining latent and even non-hidden diabetes mellitus, especially in urban populations (C.N. Okafor et al., 2021). Thyroid diseases take the second position among endocrinopathies worldwide as a whole and in Nigeria particularly with a rate of hyperthyreoidism approximately 60% and hypothyreoidism 40% (E.N.Okafor et al., 2019; B.T.Abera et al., 2021), euthyreoid goiter 53% and subclinical hyperthyreoidism 1-2% (J.O. Edah et al., 2023). Thyroid insufficiency impacts onto carbohydrate metabolism at insulin-independent diabetes mellitus at a greater extent than in people without diabetic mellitus (A.K. Jimoh et al., 2022). Water purifiers can disturb iodine capture by thyroid gland (G.Lisko et al., 2020). Nigerian females get sick on Graves’ disease at a greater extent than males (E.N.Okafor et al., 2019), even with ratio 5:1 on it (A.O. Ogbera et al., 2024) and 20:1 on all thyroid problems (J.O. Edah et al., 2023). Adrenal insufficiency has not only acquired but inheritant character (T.R.P.Mofokeng et al., 2022). Approximately 30-32% of the patients were reported to have low baseline serum cortisol level (I.E.Akase et al., 2019). Cushing’s syndrome was reported to be in adolescent girls (A.E.Edo et al., 2022), adult females (R.Mumini et al., 2024) with female:male ratio 4-5:1 (K.A.A. Abolanle et al., 2020), more seldom morbidity in children. As a whole, it is considered to be met relatively rarely in Nigerian population (R.Mumini et al., 2024).