Перспективи підготовки керівних медичних кадрів для забезпечення діяльності громадської охорони здоров’я

Abstract

У статті проаналізовано стан підготовки спеціалістів керівної ланки для забезпечення діяльності громадської охорони здоров’я в контексті реалізації основних оперативних функцій громадської охорони здоров’я (ОФГОЗ) в Україні. В якості орієнтовної схеми аналізу використовувався інструмент самооцінки виконання ОФГОЗ в Європейському регіоні. Визначено, що вивчення питань охорони громадського здоров’я повинно бути зосереджено переважно у вищих навчальних медичних закладах та школах охорони здоров’я, що створені на їх базі, або інтегровані у їх діяльність; В статье проанализировано состояние подготовки специалистов руководящего звена для обеспечения деятельности общественного здравоохранения в контексте реализации основных оперативных функций общественного здравоохранения (ОФОЗ) в Украине. В качестве ориентировочной схемы анализа использовался инструмент самооценки выполнения ОФОЗ в Европейском регионе. Определено, что изучение вопросов общественного здравоохранения должно быть сосредоточено в высших учебных медицинских заведениях и школах здоровья, созданных на их базе, или интегрированных в их деятельность; The foundation for effective public health interventions rests on a well-trained workforce of sufficient numbers and diverse disciplines to address current and emerging public health needs. Objective: to analyze the training public health physician leader and manager in the context of the implementation of essential public health operations in Ukraine. Object and methods. We used a complex of research methods: historical, bibliosemantical, comparative, content and SWOT analysis. Self-assessment tool for the evaluation of essential public health operations in the WHO European Region was used. Results and discussion. A public health physician leader or manager may be found to be the head of a managed care organization. The public health physician leader and manager is responsible for developing clear goals, using resources efficiently and effectively, and ensuring that the workforce for which he or she is responsible is well trained and well organized to fulfill its possibilities. One of the main roles in training public health physician leader and manager is the schools of public health. The schools of public health must perform six major responsibilities. These are to: 1) educate the educators, practitioners, and researchers as well as to prepare public health leaders and managers; 2) serve as a focal point for multischool transdisciplinary research as well as traditional public health research to improve the health of the public; 3) contribute to policy that advances the health of the public; 4) work collaboratively with other professional schools to assure quality public health content in their programs; 5) assure access to life-long learning for the public health workforce; and 6) engage actively with various communities to improve the public’s health. The main European public health core competences of the definition of the discipline: Population health (Population health and its social and economic determinants; Population health and its material environmental determinants); Interventions and structures aiming at the improvement of population health (Health policy economics; organizational theory, management and leadership); Health promotion: health education, health protection, disease prevention; methods in public health, and Ethics. Conclusions. Public health physician leader and manager must have appropriate specialization (such as the 18-month course of health care organization and management) or a second medical education equated to it. Training of such specialists is most advantageously conduct on the basis of higher educational medical institutions or School of public health with integration into the educational program of postgraduate level interdisciplinary training.