Некоторые морфологические и морфометрические особенности терминальных и промежуточных ворсин плацент после применения экстракорпорального оплодотворения

Abstract

Целью исследования было проведение сравнительного анализа структурной организации терминальных и промежуточных ворсин плацент после естественного оплодотворения и после экстракорпорального оплодотворения. Установлено, что в плацентах после экстракорпорального оплодотворения имеет место утолщение слоя синцитиотрофобласта с увеличением его объемной плотности, увеличение объемной плотности ворсин с симпластическими почками. При этом паренхима плаценты имеет оптически более плотное строение за счет относительного уменьшения объёма межворсинчатого пространства. Также наблюдается достоверное уменьшение диаметра кровеносных капилляров терминальных ворсин с увеличением их количества, увеличение численной плотности клеток Кащенко-Гофбауэра.; Abstract. The aim o f the study was to identify the morphological and morphometric features o f terminal and intermediate placental villi after fertilization by In vitro fertilization (IVF). Materials and methods. Twenty' placentas were studied, which were divided into 2 groups. The experimental group (EG) consisted o f placentas after fertilization by the IVF method, the control group (CG) - placenta after fertilization in a natural way. Morphometric indicators, which characterize the features o f the structure of the villous tree o f both groups, were determined on the obtained micro preparations. Results o f the study. It was found that, in comparison with the control group, the average diameter and area of terminal villi were increased in the experimental group, and the diameter and area o f their capillaries were decreased. Index of capillarization in the experimental group was lower (0.197 compared with 0.256 in KG), and the average number o f capillaries in the villi o f the same group exceeded the same value in the control group (4.1 ± 0.2 in the study group, versus 3.32 ± 0.22 in KG). In the morphometric study o f the volume density of the terminal villi's components, the Vvi o f syncytiotrophoblast in the terminal villi o f the experimental group was higher; however, the Vvi o f the capillaries and connective tissue, on the contrary, was less than in the control group. In addition, an increase in volume density7 o f terminal villi with syncytiotrophoblast buds (Sb) was observed - 32.6% in the study group, versus 17.71% in the control group. The numerical density (Nai) o f Kashchenko-Goughbauer cells in the study group was 37% larger (0.012 ±0.0013 pm2in the IVF group vs 0.0076 ± 0.0016 pm2 in the control group). There was no statistically significant difference in the numerical density of the Kashchenko-Goughbauer cells in the intermediate villi. When analyzing the relative volume of the main components o f the placenta, the specific gravity o f the intermediate villi in the group after IVF was greater than the same value in the KG, while the intervillous space, on the contrary, occupied a smaller volume. Conclusions: Terminal villi o f the placenta after IVF, in comparison with the villi in the control group, have a significantly larger average diameter and area, an increased number o f capillaries, with decreased average diameter, large numerical density of Kashchenko-Goughbauer cells, and increased volume density of syncytiotrophoblast, with reduced volume density o f connective tissue. There were no significant morphological and morphometric differences in the intermediate placental villi after IVF, and the placentas o f the control group was not found, however, the villous tree o f placentas after IVF has a significantly visually more dense structure, due to an increase in the volume density o f intermediate villi, and a decrease in part of the intervillous space. Thus, the foregoing indicates, that the structure of terminal and intermediate villi, as well as their location in the placentas after IVF has a number o f features, similar to the structural changes that are characteristic for the manifestation of compensatory-adaptive mechanisms. Respectively, these changes can be considered as an adaptation system, which is aimed at ensuring the most close to physiological fetal development.