Анатомо-морфологічні особливості гісто- та органогенезу травних залоз

Abstract

В статті розглядаються анатомо-морфологічні аспекти закладки основних залоз травлення, в тому числі, описано послідовний розвиток великих слинних, печінки та підшлункової залози, як невід’ємний компонент існування повноцінного шлунково-кишкового тракту (ШКТ). В роботі звертається увага на основи гісто- та органогенезу привушної, піднижньощелепної, під’язикової, підшлункової залози та печінки в різні періоди розвитку. Автори вказують, що досліджувані об’єкти мають різне походження, хоча переважну частку займає ентодерма. Саме з нею пов’язана динаміка генезу органів травної системи в пре- і постнатальному періодах онтогенезу ; В статье рассматриваются анатомо морфологические аспекты закладки основных желез пищеварения, в том числе, описано последовательное развитие крупных слюнных, печени, поджелудочной железы, как неотъемлемый компонент существования полноценного желудочно-кишечного тракта (ЖКТ). В работе обращается внимание на основы гисто- и органогенеза околоушной, поднижнечелюстной, подъязычной, поджелудочной железы и печени в различные периоды развития. Авторы указывают, что исследуемые объекты имеют разное происхождение, хотя подавляющую долю занимает энтодерма. Именно с ней связана динамика генеза органов пищеварительной системы в пре- и постнатальном периодах онтогенеза; The article deals with the anatomical and morphological aspects about laying of the main digestive glands, including the consecutive development of larges salivary glands, liver and pancreas as an integral component of the existence of a full gastrointestinal tract (GIT). In the oral cavity there are important components that are small in size and cause a successful digestive process – labial, palatal, lingual and buccal salivary glands. In addition, special attention is deserved, so-called parotid, submandibular and sublingual salivary glands, each of which has a number of features. For example, the submandibular gland first appears as a small groove in the space between the rudiments of the tongue and the lower jaw (sulcus alveololingualis). At the 8th week there is a new space, the epithelium is twolayered and later turns into a multilayered one. The caudal end of the groove is separated from the epithelium and attached to the lower surface of the lower jaw, where it will begin to branch. The formation of the sublingual salivary gland occurs on the eighth week of development, in the form of several nodules that grow into the mesenchyme. They are located lateral from the rudiments of the submandibular gland. The early stages of pancreatic development are detaily studied in higher mammals and have a similarity to the human analogue. It has two sources of origin – mesenchyme and endoderm. At first, the rudiment appears on the third week of development in the form of a dorsal and ventral nodules of the embryonic tube. It gives a beginning to head, body and tail of the pancreas. The structure begins to divide into the exocrine and endocrine parts on the 3rd month of the fetal period. At the 3rd month of embryogenesis, there is a progression of the process represented by the differentiation of tubes in parallel with the emergence of new strains, in which tubes are formed. There are different theories about the formation of the duct of the salivary glands. Some scientists are of the opinion, that lumen is formed as a result of the death of central cells. Others are advocates of the idea, that the created space is the result of the expansion of the strain with a divergence in the depths of the cells. However, Rahmanov believes, that, in this case there is an eccentric type of epithelium growth. Later, the end sections of the duct are laid. K. Bernard firstly proved, that before the onset of glycogen formation in the liver, the role of the depot was played by the wall of the yolk sac and placenta, and the connective tissue of the liver in the embryonic embryo is almost invisible. Only then the circulatory joint capsule [F. Glisson]. Thus, the development of digestive glands is a series of complex processes. Taking into account, the formation of large salivary glands, it can be argued, that there are various sources of origin of the initial and final divisions. The article draws attention to the basis of histo- and organogenesis of the parotid, submandibular, sublingual glands, pancreas and liver in different periods of its development. The authors indicate, that the objects of investigation have different origins, although the overwhelming majority is occupied by the endoderm. It is connected with the dynamics of the digestive system processes in the pre- and postnatal periods of ontogenesis.