Експериментальне дослідження морфологічних змін тканин ротової порожнини при моделюванні атопічного процесу у тварин

Abstract

У даній роботі представлені результати експериментального дослідження морфологічних змін, які відбувалися у слизовій оболонці порожнини рота 25 кролів при моделюванні атопічного процесу. Встановлено, що описані морфологічні зміни в тканинах слизової оболонки ротової порожнини є проявами запально-дистрофічних процесів з мікроциркуляторними порушеннями при наявності генералізованого атопічного процесу. Згідно з отриманими даними експериментальних досліджень, формування атопічного процесу призводить до патологічних змін у тканинах пародонту експериментальних тварин.

В данной работе представлены результаты экспериментального исследования морфологических изменений, которые происходили в слизистой оболочке полости рта 25 кролей при моделировании атопического процесса. Установлено, что описанные морфологические изменения в тканях слизистой оболочки полости рта являются проявлениями воспалительно-дистрофических процессов с микроциркуляторными нарушениями при наличии генерализованного атопического процесса. Согласно полученным данным экспериментальных исследований, формирование атопического процесса приводит к патологическим изменениям в тканях пародонта экспериментальных животных.

The purpose of this study was the experimental study of morphological changes occurring in the mucous membrane of the oral cavity of animals in the modeling of the atopic process. Object and methods. For morphological study of pathogenesis of pathological conditions of the oral cavity in atopic pathology under relevant conditions, in order to exclude the influence of somatic pathology, the exclusion of the influence of social factors, we conducted an experimental study. Experiment was performed on 25 experimental animals (rabbitmales at the age of 3-4 months), which by way of previously described and widely used method, we formed an atopic pathology. There were formed two groups: intact animals (10 animals), a group of animals with simulated atopy (15 animals). Results. When reviewing the mucous membrane of the oral cavity of the group of animals in which the atopic state was performed, moderate edema of the mucosa, plethora of the vessels of the mucus with perivascular hemorrhage, the presence of erosion and even single ulcerative defects were noted. In a microscopic study of histological preparations stained with hematoxylin and eosin, it was established that as a result of manipulations in the mucous membrane of the oral cavity formed a complex of pathological changes. In the epithelium there is an uneven thickness of the squamous cell layer with the presence of intraepithelial lymphocytes, eosinophils, focal erosive lesions, alternating regions of atrophy, necrosis, proliferation. The thickness of the squamous epithelium is heterogeneous, observed as areas of its dilation to one or two rows of cells, and uneven thickening. In the mucous membrane there is formation of perivascular inflammatory infiltrates, diffuse distribution of eosinophils, swelling and disintegration of connective tissue basis. In the stroma of numerous papillae there is a plethora of blood vessels of the microcirculatory bed, often with diapedeous hemorrhages and edema. In addition to perivascular inflammatory infiltrates, attention is drawn to the accumulation of plasmacytes, eosinophils, neutrophils directly under the basal membrane. The muscular layer of the mucous membrane was fragmented and sclerotized, but at times it did not manifest itself at all. There is a refinement and prolongation of myocytes, signs of myofibril dystrophy, homogenization of muscle cytoplasm, swelling and reduction of myocyte nuclei. In the submucosal region, edema, thinning, fragmentation and focal elimination of fibrous structures are found. Conclusions. The described morphological changes in the tissues of the oral mucosa are considered to be inflammatory and dystrophic processes with microcirculatory disorders in the presence of a generalized atopic process. Consequently, according to the data obtained from experimental studies, the formation of the atopic process leads to pathological changes in the tissues of the periodontium in experimental animals.