Аналіз захворюваності дитячого населення, що мешкає в промисловому мегаполісі

Abstract

The state of health of children in Ukraine is unsatisfactory due to the tendency of increase in the incidence, prevalence of illness and disability. It has been established that air pollution is the prior factor, which leads to a wide range of adverse health effects. Particular importance of the question of the impact of air pollution on the health of child population is in the industrial mega cities, where the levels of human-caused air pollution exceed the permissible range. Therefore, the study and analysis of the state and dynamics of the incidence of infant population in an industrial city are important issues of the present. The goal of study: to give a hygienic estimation of the structure and condition of the morbidity of child population of Zaporozhye in connection with pollution of atmospheric air. Object and methods: the analysis of the morbidity of the children of Zaporozhye region was carried out according to the official report form No. 12 “Report on the number of diseases registered in patients living in the service area of the medical institution”. We assessed the state of atmospheric air pollution in the dynamics, the primary information on the reporting form of the industrial enterprises 2-TP (Air) “Report on the protection of atmospheric air” was analyzed, as well as the results of laboratory studies of atmospheric pollution in Zaporizhzhya according to the data of the Zaporizhzhya Regional Laboratory Center of the Ministry health care of Ukraine”. The processing of the results was carried out using the statistic package of the STATISTICA® for Windows 13.0 licensing program (StatSoft Inc., JPZ8041382130FRCN10-J) and Microsoft Excel. Statistically significant differences were considered at p <0,05. Results and their discussion. Despite the wave-like pattern of morbidity, a tendency to an increase in the overall incidence of the child population has been established. First place in the structure of morbidity is consistently occupied by diseases of the respiratory system: in terms of prevalence, their share is 59±0.8%, which corresponded to the level of 1,198.2±26.3 per 1000 child population, and in terms of primary morbidity – 68.2±0.6% (1158.4±25.8). In terms of morbidity, acute pharyngitis and acute tonsillitis, acute laryngitis and tracheitis, chronic diseases of the tonsils and adenoids have the largest share among all age groups (75% -91%). The incidence rates in children of the first six years are significantly higher by 1.2-1.7 times than among children of other age groups. Despite the decline in gross emissions, the number of air samples exceeding the MPC is consistently high. In recent years, the highest percentage of samples exceeding the MPC was recorded by hydrogen sulfide (69±3.2%), phenol (61±4.5%) and suspended solids (50±3.4%). Strong direct correlations were established between the incidence rates of the child population and the percentage of samples with an excess of MPC for suspended substances, phenol and hydrogen sulfide. Conclusion. When comparing the data on the purity of the air and the morbidity of the child population of the Zaporozhye city, a quantitative correlation was found between atmospheric air pollution and the probability of adverse effects in the state of health under the influence of harmful factors, which is expressed in the annual increase of incidence rate with the constant presence of atmospheric chemical components. Taking into account the results obtained, it becomes clear that the most important task is to develop measures for the prevention and improvement of the child population, especially for children of the first six years of life.

Попри хвилеподібний характер динаміки захворюваності, встановлено тенденцію до збільшення показників загальної захворюваності дитячого населення. Перше рангове місце в структурі захворюваності стабільно посідають хвороби системи органів дихання: з показників розповсюдженості їх доля становить 59±0,8%, що відповідало рівню 1198,2±26,3 на 1000 дитячого населення, а з показників первинної захворюваності – 68,2±0,6% (1158,4±25,8). За показниками захворюваності гострий фарингіт та гострий тонзиліт, гострий ларингіт та трахеїт, хронічні хвороби мигдалин та аденоїдів мають найбільшу питому вагу серед всіх вікових груп (75%-91%). Показники захворюваності у дітей перших шести років вірогідно вищі у 1,2-1,7 рази, ніж серед дітей інших вікових груп. Незважаючи на зниження обсягів валових викидів, кількість проб повітря з перевищенням ГДК стабільно високі. Найвищій відсоток проб з перевищенням ГДК протягом останніх років фіксувався за сірководнем (69±3,2%), фенолом (61±4,5%) та зваженими твердими частками (50±3,4%). Виявили сильні прямі кореляційні зв’язки між показниками захворюваності дитячого населення відсотком проб з перевищенням ГДК за зваженими речовинами, фенолом та сірководнем.