Роль психологічного тестування в прогнозуванні захворювань тканин пародонта

Abstract

Високий рівень психоемоційного напруження, пов’язаний з інформаційним перевантажен¬ням, прискоренням темпу життя, може сприяти зростанню розповсюдженості запально-дистрофічних за-хворювань тканин пародонта. Метою дослідження було вивчення ролі психологічного тестування людини в прогнозуванні захворювань тканин пародонта. Спостереження проведені за пацієнтами - хворими на генералізований пародонтит І та II ступенів тяжкості та студентами стоматологічного факультету ВДНЗУ “УМСА”, також віку. Стан психоемоційної сфери вивчали на основі аналізу особистої шкали проявів три¬вожності за Д. Тейлор (1953). В результаті отриманих даних психологічного обстеження пацієнтів та сту¬дентів, виявлена залежність рівня загальної тривожності від розповсюдженості прояву патологічного про¬цесу в тканинах пародонта, що може слугувати прогностичним критерієм у виникненні їх захворювань; Высокий уровень психоэмоционального напряжения, связанный с информационной пере¬грузкой, ускорением темпа жизни, может способствовать росту распространенности воспалительно-дис-трофических заболеваний тканей пародонта. Целью исследования было изучение роли психологического тестирования человека в прогнозировании заболеваний тканей пародонта. Наблюдения проведены за пациентами - больными на генерализованный пародонтит I и II степени тяжести и студентами стомато¬логического факультета ВГУЗ Украины “УМСА” аналогичного возраста. Состояние психоэмоциональной сферы изучали на основе анализа личностной шкалы проявлений тревожности по Д. Тейлор (1953). В результате полученных данных психологического обследования пациентов и студентов, обнаружена за¬висимость уровня общей тревожности от распространенности проявления патологического процесса в тканях пародонта, что может служить прогностическим критерием в возникновении их заболеваний; According to modern ideas, the reaction of periodontal tissues to local lesions varies under the influence of systemic factors, which include genetic, vascular, hormonal, immune, hematological factors, changes of the central and peripheral nervous system. In the pathogenesis of generalized periodontitis stress is given the most significant role. According to LM Tarasenko (1999), stressful cell damage is nonspecific, in the mechanism of stress injuries of periodontal tissues, which are highly sensitive to neurohumoral factors, a significant role is played by typological features of the organism. Clinical studies confirm the high sensitivity of periodontal tissues to stress. We have established that the degree of metabolic disorders in patients with chronic generalized periodontitis correlates with individual-typological peculiarities of nerve regulation. In modern life, professional and everyday emotional overload in the absence of rest many people lead to a state of chronic emotional stress, which may contribute to the onset of inflammatory and dystrophic lesions of periodontal tissues. The purpose of the study is to study the role of psychological testing of a person in the prognosis of periodontal tissue diseases. Objects and methods of research. Observations were carried out for 179 respondents: patients with chronic generalized periodontitis (GP) of I and II severity levels - 96 persons, aged 22-39 years, and students of IV and V courses of the dental faculty of the VSHU of Ukraine “UMSA” - 83 persons aged 20-31 years. The state of the psychoemotional sphere was studied using a questionnaire based on the analysis of the personal scale of anxiety disorder by George Taylor (1953). According to the revealed total level of personal anxiety, all respondents were divided into groups:  Group 1 - people with low anxiety and low tendency average;  Group 2 - individuals with average tendencies to a high level:  Group 3 - Person with high level of anxiety. Results of the research and their discussion. The study of individual psychophysiological features of the nervous system revealed an increase in the level of general anxiety in all patients with the GP of the first and second degrees of severity. Of these, 36 respondents (37%) entered the second group and 48 (50%) were in the third group. 12 patients (13%) showed low anxiety and the average tendency to low - they were included in the first group of the surveyed. The analysis of components of the general anxiety index was found among the respondents who were in the second group and had an average level of anxiety with a tendency to high - a significant increase in social and neurogenic anxiety and slight changes in the level of somatic anxiety. Іn the third group of examined patients with GP, a high level of general anxiety becomes more dependent on the somatic component to a greater extent. Thus, we can assume that the somatic pathology in such patients with an increase in the level of anxiety more affects the course of the pathological process in the oral cavity. Psychological testing of senior students revealed - 32 (42%) in the first group, 41 (50%) in the second group and 10 (8%) of the respondents were the third group. The revealed high level of anxiety in students should be taken into account in measures of primary prevention in their development of generalized diseases of periodontal tissues - gingivitis and periodontitis. Thus, the largest number of respondents was the second group - 36 (37%) patients with chronic GP and 41 persons (50%) students. As a result of the received data of psychological testing of patients with hypertension and students, the dependence of the level of general anxiety on the prevalence of the manifestation of the pathological process in periodontal tissues was revealed, which may serve as a prognostic criterion for the occurrence of their diseases.