Гістотопографічні особливості залоз слизової оболонки передньої і задньої стінок лобової пазухи людини

Abstract

Проведено гістологічне дослідження слизової оболонки передньої і задньої стінки лобової пазухи людини з метою визначення гістотопографічних особливостей залоз. В результаті встановлено, що виявлені залози являються складними розгалуженими альвеолярно-трубчастими, які складались з кінцевих відділів і вивідних проток. В складі епітелію стінок кінцевих відділів виявлялися поодинокі інтраепітеліальні лімфоцити. їх присутність свідчила про наявність системи місцевого імунного захисту в секреторному епітелії залоз слизової оболонки передньої і задньої стінки лобової пазухи людини.

Проведено гистологическое исследование слизистой оболочки передней и задней стенок лобной пазухи человека с целью установления гистотопографических особенностей желез. В результате установлено, что выявленные железы являются сложными разветвленными альвеолярно-трубчатыми, которые состоят из концевых отделов и выводных протоков. В составе эпителия стенок концевых отделов выявляются единичные интраэпителиальные лимфоциты. Их присутствие свидетельствует о наличии системы местной иммунной защиты в секреторном эпителии желез слизистой оболочки передней и задней стенки лобной пазухи человека.

The maxillary and ethmoid sinuses are the most often affected by diseases among all paranasal sinuses; frontal ones are more rarely affected, but the inflammatory process involving them has more severe course and often (from 0.8 to 3%) is accompanied by interorbital and intracranial complications. The severity of complication is explained by significant variability of the frontal sinuses structure and variety of clinical manifestations of pathological processes in them. The mucous membrane of frontal sinus has been investigated in 32 human cadavers of both genders, aged 30-87 years who had died from diseases that were not associated with paranasal sinuses pathology. Semifine sections in thikness (1-2) pm were obtained using ultramicrotome “Selmi” UMTP-7 (serial number 8-31.4, TS 25-74-01 0063-91) produced by Sumy PA. The assessment of the obtained sections quality was carried out by stereoscopic microscope. The freshly prepared and filtered twice 0.1% solution of toluidine blue according to Lynn, J. A. was used as stain. The histological investigation of mucous membrane semifine sections of the anterior wall of frontal sinus has determined compound branched alveolar-tubular glands, consisting of end portions and excretory ducts. The end portion wall of the glands was represented by low prismatic cells. The small optically dense secretory granules have been revealed in the apical cytoplasm of epithelial cells. The cells at different stages of the secretory process (flow of secretory products, synthesis and accumulation of secretion, removal of secretion, recovery) have been revealed in the end portions of the glands of the frontal sinus anterior wall, which morphologically proved the protein type of secretion. The excretory ducts wall of the mucous membrane glands of the frontal sinus anterior wall was formed by low prismatic epithelial cells. Nuclei, which contained a significant amount of decondensated chromatin, round shaped were found in the basal parts of slightly basophilic cytoplasm with few organelles and single secretory granules. Most of them were located in a single layer. The study of structural features of the glands located on the mucous membrane posterior wall of the human frontal sinus had determined that the end portions were formed by one layer of cubic or low prismatic cells (depending on their functional condition) with round nuclei in the central part. The wall in the ducts of the protein glands of frontal sinus posterior wall was formed by prismatic epithelial cells with intensive optical density of the apical surface. The nuclei were round in shape and located on the border of middle and lower third of the cells. The secretion in lumens had intensive optical density in the central portions. Conclusions 1. The compound branched alveolar-tubular glands, consisting of end portions and excretory ducts were revealed in the mucous membrane of the anterior and posterior walls of the frontal sinus. 2. Epithelium of the end portions of the walls was consisted of single intraepithelial lymphocytes. Their existence proved the presence of local immune protection in the secretory epithelium of the mucous membrane glands of the anterior and posterior walls in human frontal sinus. 3. The vessels of hemomicrocirculatory bloodstream were represented by capillaries in the periacinar connective tissue. Arterioles were revealed in periductal connective tissue. Venules were determined both periacinarly and periductal. Their wall had the classical scheme of structure - the layer of endothelial cells was located on the basement membrane and surrounded by a layer of fibroblasts and collagen fibers.