Морфофункциональное состояние экзокринной части поджелудочной железы беременных крыс, которые находились на несбалансированном питании

Abstract

У підшлунковій залозі вагітних щурів, які отримували гіперкалорійну дієту, виявлені такі морфофункціональні зміни: збільшення обсягу паренхіми, площі ацинусів, зменшення стромального компонента. У тварин, які отримували гіпокалорійну дієту відзначається зменшення обсягу паренхіми, зменшена площа ацинусів, збільшений об’єм стромальной частини. При біохімічному дослідженні встановлено, що у тварин, які отримували гіперкалорійну дієту рівень ліпази і а-амілази підвищено, рівень а1-антитрипсину знижений. У щурів, які отримували гіпокалорійное харчування показники ліпази підвищені, рівень а-амілази і а1-антитрипсин знижений. Подібні морфофункціональні зміни підшлункової залози у тварин створюють передумови для розвитку її екзокринної дисфункції.

В поджелудочной железе беременных крыс, получавших гиперкалорийную диету, выявлены морфофункциональные изменения: увеличение объёма паренхимы, площади ацинусов, уменьшение стромального компонента. У животных получавших гипокалорийную диету отмечается уменьшение объёма паренхимы, уменьшена площадь ацинусов, увеличен объем стромальной части. При биохимическом исследовании установлено, что у животных получавших гиперкаллорийную диету уровень липазы и а-амилазы повышен, а1-антитрипсина снижен. У крыс получавших гипокалорийное питание показатели липазы повышены, уровень а-амилазы и а1-антитрипсин снижен. Подобные морфофункциональные изменения поджелудочной железы у животных способствуют развитию ее экзокринной дисфункции.

One of the urgent problems of modern medicine are diseases of the pancreas. Pancreatitis and other pathology of the pancreas are more common in children than in adults, but the spread of diseases is steadily increasing. The role of nutritional factors in the development of pancreas dysfunction is unclear. According to the literature - with even a slight increase in serum triglyceride levels in patients, there is an increased risk of pancreatic disease. The authors believe that the emergence of metabolic disorders due to unbalanced nutrition is also a risk factor for the various pathologies of the pancreas. However, the role of the influence of nutritional factors in the mor- phofunctional transformations of exocrine pancreocytes and pancreas acinuses remains insufficiently unexplored. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the influence of hypo-and hyper-caloric diet on the morphofunctional state of the exocrine part of the pancreas of pregnant rats. Object and methods. The experiment was performed on 30 nonlinear pregnant white rats in the WAG / G Sto population. Animals of the 1st group received a hypercaloric diet (300.4 calories per day); 2 nd group - hypocaloric diet (57.4 calories per day); 3 rd group - were on a balanced diet (104.5 calories per day). Morphological examination of the pancreas included a complex of histological, histochemical and morphometric methods. The tissue of the prostate was fixed in a 10% formalin solution, after the action of alcohols of increasing concentration, the solution of Nikiforov, chloroform, was filled with paraffin. Sections of 4-5 4 10-6 m thick were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, as well as picroxyxin by Van Guison. Light microscopy of the prostate tissue was performed using an Olympus BX-41 microscope using Olympus DP-Soft (Version 3: 1). In a biochemical study, a spectrometric method was used to determine the serum levels of lipase and a-amylase (sets of La Chema reagents, Czechia), and an immunoturbidimetric method for determining the level of a1-antitrypsin (a1-ATP) (a set of reagents from “Dialab”, Austria. All the obtained digital data were processed by the method of one factor analysis of variance. Results. Animal diet of the 1st group (n = 10) caused an increase in the volume of the parenchyma of the pancreas which amounted to 112.9 ± 0.2% (p <0.001) from the control group. It is also increased and is 126.5 ± 0.2%, (p <0.001) acini in comparison with the control group. In turn, the stromal part of the prostate gland decreased, in comparison with the control, and was 67 ± 0.3% (p <0.001). In animals receiving a hypocaloric diet (group 2), a decrease in parenchymal volume was noted, compared with the control group and was 91.3 ± 0.8% (p <0.001). The area of the acini, sucking 79.9 ± 0.2% (p <0.001), as compared with the control group, was also reduced. The volume of the stromal part, in comparison with the control group, increased and is 123.3 ± 2.1% (p <0.001). Microscopically, in animals of Groups 1 and 2, identical changes were observed in the stroma, parenchyma, and exocrine part of the prostate. Moreover, the degree of expression of these changes is greater in rats receiving a hypocaloric diet. In biochemical studies it Antitrypsin was established, that in animals receiving a hypercaloric diet (group 1) the level of lipase is 16.8 ± 1.06 pM / hvil • I (p <0.001), which indicates an increase in the indices compared with the control group of1.5±0.1 pM / Hvil • I (p <0.001). The level of a-amylase in rats of group 1 was increased 7.1 ± 0.3 mg / s ■ l (p <0.001), compared with the control group 2.2 ± 0.2 mg / s ■ l (p <0.001). The level of a1-antitrypsin is reduced and is 20.3 ± 0.6 (p <0.001), in comparison with the control group, in which a1-antitrypsin is 30.4 ± 1.4. In this regard, it can be assumed that these changes may be due to prolonged hypertrypsinemia, depletion of the antiprotease system. In rats fed hypocaloric diet, lipase indices were increased and were 6.4 ± 0.4 pM / hvil • I (p <0.001) compared to the control group. The level of a-amylase in the 2-nd group is somewhat lower in comparison with the animals of the control group and is equal to 6.0 ± 0.4 mg / s ■ l (p <0.001)). In rats with insufficient nutrients in the diet, a1-antitrypsin is 10.0 ± 0.3 ng / ml (p <0.001), which also indicates a decrease in the indicator in comparison with the control group. These changes may be the result of prolonged hypertrypsinemia, which is due to insufficient activity of the anteproteinase system of blood plasma due to protein deficiency, as well as active consumption of plasma inhibitors (probably depletion of protective mechanisms). Hyperfermentemia in rats of the 1 st group is associated with an excess of carbohydrates and fats in the diet. Probably, hyperfermentemia in the 2nd group of animals is caused by the stimulating effect of non-neurohumoral influences on acinocytes, for example, “vagotonia”, or “evasion” of enzymes in the blood with damage to pancreatic cells.