Модифікація жирнокислотного складу фосфоліпідів тканин печінки, міокарда та плазми крові під впливом іонізуючого випромінювання та при попередньому застосуванні донора сірководню

Abstract

Ефект введення донора гідрогенсульфіду спричиняє модифікацію жирнокислотного складу фосфоліпідів тканин печінки, міокарда та плазми крові щурів, що полягає у зростанні вмісту омега-3 поліненасичених жирних кислот, збільшенні співвідношення омега-3/омега-6, зниженні рівня коротколанцюгових насичених жирних кислот. Під впливом іонізуючого випромінювання зростає ступінь насиченості жирних кислот, істотно зменшується співвідношення омега-3/омега-6, що зумовлює порушення мікров’язкості, плинності та рухомості ліпідної фази, наслідком яких є зміни мембранозалежних функціонально-метаболічних процесів. Попереднє до дії радіації введення донора сірководню NaHS зумовлює часткове покращення профілю жирнокислотного складу фосфоліпідів печінки, міокарда, плазми крові.

Эффект введения донора гидрогенсульфида вызывает модификацию жирнокислотного состава фосфолипидов тканей печени, миокарда и плазмы крови крыс, заключается в росте содержания омега-3 полиненасыщенных жирных кислот, увеличении соотношения омега-3 / омега-6, снижении уровня короткоцепочечных насыщенных жирных кислот. Под влиянием ионизирующего излучения возрастает степень насыщенности жирных кислот, существенно уменьшается соотношение омега-3 / омега-6, что приводит к нарушению микровязкости, текучести и подвижности липидной фазы, следствием которых являются изменения мембранозависимых функционально-метаболических процессов. Предварительное к действию радиации введение донора сероводорода NaHS приводит к частичному улучшению профиля жирнокислотного состава фосфолипидов печени, миокарда, плазмы крови.

Fatty acid composition of phospholipids significantly affects on the functional state of cell membranes, transport function of cells, activity of multi enzyme systems that regulate intracellular metabolism. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) maintain viscosity, structure and function of membranes, promote the synthesis of lipid mediators, coordinate metabolic processes, the expression of certain genes under normal conditions and the effects of stress factors, in particular ionizing radiation. It is known that the effect of low doses of radiation can lead to significant changes in the structure and dynamic activity of the fatty acid composition, interlipidic and protein-lipid interactions. A significant number of studies in recent years is associated with the study of mechanisms of regulatory effects of known cellular gas transmitters, in particular hydrogen sulfide (H2S). At the same time, in modern literature there is insufficient data on the development of adaptive reactions under conditions of exposure to ionizing radiation against the background of the use of this gas transmitter. Purpose and methods of research. The purpose of our study was to study the changes in the fatty acid composition of phospholipids in the tissues of the heart, liver and blood plasma under the influence of ionizing radiation and the pre-radiation exposure of the hydrogen sulfide donor. All experiments were carried out in compliance with the principles of bioethics in accordance with the provisions of the European Convention for the Protection of Vertebrate Animals. The irradiation of animals in experimental groups was single-fractional, total, with total absorbed dose – 2 Gy. Determination of the fatty acid composition of phospholipids in the heart muscle, liver and blood plasma was performed by gas-liquid chromatography. Results and discussion. It has been established that the effect of a hydrogen sulfide donor (NaHS) in 30 minutes after its introduction leads to a decrease in the control group the level of saturated fatty acids phospholipids in blood plasma, liver tissue and, to a lesser extent, in the myocardium. In all investigated tissues, the level of short-chain saturated fatty acids: caprylic (C8:0), capric (C10:0), lauric (C12:0) was most reduced. However, an increase in the level of omega-3 and a decrease in the level of omega-6 PUFA was recorded. In particular, an increase in the content of omega-3 PUFA – eicosapentaenoicacid (C20:5) by 14% (in the liver), 12% (in the myocardium) and 19% (in blood plasma) in terms of control has been established. Significant reduction of omega-6 PUFA –eicosadienic acid (C20: 2) in all studied biological environments has also been established. With such changes in the composition of PUFA, the ratio of omega-3/omega-6 was significantly increased in liver tissue – by 10%, in myocardial tissue – by 11%, in the blood plasma – by 15%. One day after NaHS administration, the ratio of omega-3/omega-6 remains significantly higher than in control group in all of the studied biological environments, despite the tendency to decrease of previous lifetime of hydrogen sulfide donor. The effect of radiation after 24 hours leads to a significant increase in the level of short-chain saturated fatty acids of phospholipids than in control group, reduction of the content of omega-3 and increase in the content of omega-6 PUFA. It has been established that mentioned above changes of the level of omega-3 and omega-6 PUFA phospholipids under the influence of ionizing irradiation the ratio of omega-3/ omega-6 were significantly lower in comparison with controls in liver tissue – by 12%, in myocardium tissue – by 9%, in the blood plasma – by 11%. According to the pre-radiation exposure to NaHS, a tendency towards a decrease in the saturated lipid acids, an increase in the ratio of omega-3/omega-6 to the ionizing radiation effect was observed, but their values did not reach the level of control. Conclusions. The effect of introduction of hydrogen sulfide donor causes the modification of the fatty acid composition of phospholipids in liver, myocardial and blood plasma, which consists in increasing the content of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, increasing the ratio of omega-3/omega-6. Under the influence of ionizing radiation, the degree of saturation of fatty acids increases, and the ratio of omega-3/omega-6 decreases significantly, which causes the violation of micro-viscosity, fluidity and mobility of the lipid phase, which results in changes in membrane-dependent functional and metabolic processes. Prior to the radiation action, the introduction of the hydrogen sulfide donor (NaHS) causes a partial improvement of the fatty acid composition of the phospholipids in the liver, myocardium, blood plasma.