Optical density of mandible in orthodontic patients

Abstract

Introduction: The given article is concerned with peculiarities of the change in the bone mineral density of the jaw bones in the dynamics of bone structure growth in the locomotor apparatus of orthodontic patients. The aim of the paper is to carry out a comparative analysis of the mineral density of the bone tissue of the lower jaw (mandible) and the mineral density of the second cervical vertebra (C2) in patients with malocclusion. Materials and methods: 37 computer tomograms of orthodontic patients were studied, which were divided into three age groups according to the periods of the formation of the dentoalveolar system. Measurement of bone density of (second cervical vertebra) C2 was performed in the sagittal projection along the middle of the height of the vertebra. In the mandible, measurements were made on axial sections in the vestibular and oral direction in the region of the alveolar process between the central incisors, between the canine and the first premolar at the mid-root level, in the region of the first molars below the bifurcation level, in the retromolar region and the region of the articular process. Results: The greatest similarity in densitometric parameters of bone density is established between the second cervical vertebrae and the density of the joint head. The most dense site on the lower jaw is the alveolar process between the central incisors, which increases with age from 1274.71 ± 34.7 in group I to 1400.6 ± 7 5 , 5 6 in the III group, these indicators are almost 2-2.5 times higher than the density of C2. Conclusions: Mandible presents irregular density of bone based on optic denstitometry in different areas. Maximal indices of bone density are established in the area of alveolar processes where the jaw is exposed to maximal occlusal loading.