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Документ Circadian rhythm disorders and non-motor symptoms in different motor subtypes of Parkinson's disease(Georgian Association of Business Press, 2021) Tarianyk, Kateryna A.; Shkodina, Anastasiia D.; Lytvynenko, Nataliya V.; Таряник, Катерина Анатоліївна; Шкодіна, Анастасія Дмитрівна; Литвиненко, Наталія ВолодимирівнаThe phenotype of the disease depends not only on the prevalence of certain motor signs, but also on non-motor symptoms. Determination of different profiles of Parkinson's disease improves disease prognosis and management. A clinical study was conducted in patients with Parkinson's disease. For this purpose, 64 patients with various motor subtypes of the disease were examined. Diagnosis was made according to the UK Brain Bank Criteria. The patients were divided into groups according to the motor subtype verified by the results of interference electroneuromyography. In each group, demographic data were collected, staging according to the Hoehn-Yahr scale and the overall score of the unified UPDRS scale were studied. The study of gait was evaluated using the Nonmotor Symptom Rating Scale for Parkinson's Disease (NMSS). The Munich Chronotype Questionnaire (MCTQ) was used to determine sleep onset, wake-up time, sleep duration, mid-sleep, average sleep duration, average weekly light exposure, chronotype, and for working patients, relative jet lag and average weekly sleep deficit. Circadian rhythm disorders were diagnosed according to the international classification of sleep disorders-3. Patients with Parkinson's disease have a more characteristic evening chronotype and a shorter sleep duration due to late sleep onset. On the other hand, the tendency towards the morning or evening chronotype is not associated with the severity of the disease or the level of daytime sleepiness. It was found that PD patients are characterized by more pronounced disorders of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary systems, sleep and cognitive-affective disorders, and others. In patients with a mixed motor subtype, mood and cognitive impairments are more pronounced, and gait disorders are more pronounced in patients with a mixed motor subtype. Thus, different motor subtypes of Parkinson's disease have differences in the severity of motor manifestations and features of the circadian rhythm. Circadian dysregulation is associated with features of daily functioning and disorders of the motor sphere.Документ Cognitive and affective disturbances in patients with Parkinson's disease: Perspectives for classifying of motor/neuropsychiatric subtypes(Elsevier, 2022-06) Shkodina, Anastasiia D.; Tarianyk, Kateryna A.; Boiko, Dmytro I.; Zehravi, Mehrukh; Akter, Shamima; Ashraf, Ghulam Md.; Rahman, Md. Habibur; Шкодіна, Анастасія Дмитрівна; Таряник, Катерина Анатоліївна; Бойко, Дмитро ІвановичParkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurological disorder, related to rigidity, bradykinesia, and resting tremors, among other motor symptoms. It is noticed in the increasing frequency of neuropsychiatric disorders, which may be also caused by non-motor symptoms of PD. Treatment of PD is usually based on the classification of motor subtypes; however, it remains unclear whether motor subtypes have differences in the severity of psychiatric symptoms. It determines the importance of discovering possible neuropsychiatric subtypes of PD. We conducted a clinical study, which included group 1 - patients with postural instability and gait disorders dominant (PIGD) subtype, group 2 - patients with tremor dominant (TD) and indeterminate subtypes (non-PIGD), and group 3 - people who did not have CNS damage. We used the Montreal Cognitive Assessment, Russified 20-point version of the Toronto Alexithymia Scale, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, and Beck Depression Inventory for assessment of the mental status. It was the first time that neuropsychiatric subtypes of PD had been investigated based on the condition of cognition and mood. Cluster analysis gave us the possibility to classify our patients by the following subtype: affective-cognitive PIGD, anxious PIGD, affective-cognitive non-PIGD, and non-PIGD without psychiatric symptoms. This indicates a closed link between psychiatric and motor symptoms, which can be used for the improved treatment of PD.Документ Drug reprofiling history and potential therapies against Parkinson’s disease(2022-10-26) Latif, Komal; Ullah, Aman; Shkodina, Anastasiia D.; Boiko, Dmytro I.; Rafique, Zakia; Alghamdi, Badrah S.; Alfaleh, Mohamed A.; Ashraf, Ghulam Md.; Шкодіна, Анастасія Дмитрівна; Бойко, Дмитро ІвановичGiven the high whittling down rates, high costs, and moderate pace of new medication, revelation, and improvement, repurposing “old” drugs to treat typical and uncommon illnesses is progressively becoming an appealing proposition. Drug repurposing is the way toward utilizing existing medications in treating diseases other than the purposes they were initially designed for. Faced with scientific and economic challenges, the prospect of discovering new medication indications is enticing to the pharmaceutical sector. Medication repurposing can be used at various stages of drug development, although it has shown to be most promising when the drug has previously been tested for safety. We describe strategies of drug repurposing for Parkinson’s disease, which is a neurodegenerative condition that primarily affects dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. We also discuss the obstacles faced by the repurposing community and suggest new approaches to solve these challenges so that medicine repurposing can reach its full potential.Документ Immunological and inflammatory effects of infectious diseases in circadian rhythm disruption and future therapeutic directions(Springer, 2023-01-19) Huang, Helen; Mehta, Aashna; Jacob, Kalmanovich; Anand, Ayush; Bejarano, Maria Chilo; Garg, Tulika; Khan, Nida; Тonpouwo, Gauvain Kankeu; Shkodina, Anastasiia D.; Bardhan, Mainak; Шкодіна, Анастасія ДмитрівнаBackground Circadian rhythm is characterised by daily variations in biological activity to align with the light and dark cycle. These diurnal variations, in turn, influence physiological functions such as blood pressure, temperature, and sleep–wake cycle. Though it is well established that the circadian pathway is linked to pro-inflammatory responses and circulating immune cells, its association with infectious diseases is widely unknown. Objective This comprehensive review aims to describe the association between circadian rhythm and host immune response to various kinds of infection. Methods We conducted a literature search in databases Pubmed/Medline and Science direct. Our paper includes a comprehensive analysis of findings from articles in English which was related to our hypothesis. Findings Molecular clocks determine circadian rhythm disruption in response to infection, influencing the host’s response toward infection. Moreover, there is a complex interplay with intrinsic oscillators of pathogens and the influence of specific infectious processes on the CLOCK: BMAL1 pathway. Such mechanisms vary for bacterial and viral infections, both well studied in the literature. However, less is known about the association of parasitic infections and fungal pathogens with circadian rhythm modulation. Conclusion It is shown that bidirectional relationships exist between circadian rhythm disruption and infectious process, which contains interplay between the host’s and pathogens’ circadian oscillator, immune response, and the influence of specific infectious. Further studies exploring the modulations of circadian rhythm and immunity can offer novel explanations of different susceptibilities to infection and can lead to therapeutic avenues in circadian immune modulation of infectious diseases.Документ Melatonergic Receptors (Mt1/Mt2) as a Potential Additional Target of Novel Drugs for Depression(Springer, 2022-06) Boiko, Dmytro I.; Shkodina, Anastasiia D.; Hasan, Mohammad Mehedi; Bardhan, Mainak; Kazmi, Syeda Kanza; Chopra, Hitesh; Bhutra, Prerna; Baig, Atif Amin; Skrypnikov, Andrii M.; Бойко, Дмитро Іванович; Шкодіна, Анастасія Дмитрівна; Скрипніков, Андрій МиколайовичA complex pathogenesis involving several physiological systems is theorized to underline the development of depressive disorders. Depression is accompanied by circadian regulation disruption and interaction with the functioning of both central and peripheral oscillators. Many aspects of melatonin function unite these systems. The use of drugs for circadian rhythm disorders could inspire a potential treatment strategy for depression. Melatonin plays an essential role in the regulation of circadian rhythms. It exerts effect by activating two types of melatonin receptors, type 1A (MT1) and 1B (MT2). These are G-protein-coupled receptors, predominantly located in the central nervous system. MT1/MT2 agonists could be a useful treatment approach according to all three prevalent theories of the pathogenesis of depression involving either monoamines, synaptic remodeling, or immune/inflammatory events. MT1/MT2 receptors can be a potential target for novel antidepressants with impact on concentrations of neurotrophins or neurotransmitters, and reducing levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. There is an interesting cross-talk mediated via the physical association of melatonin and serotonin receptors into functional heteromers. The antidepressive and neurogenetic effects of MT1/MT2 agonists can also be caused by the inhibition of the acid sphingomyelinase, leading to reduced ceramide, or increasing monoamine oxidase A levels in the hippocampus. Compounds targeting MT1 and MT2 receptors could have potential for new anti-depressants that may improve the quality of therapeutic interventions in treating depression and relieving symptoms. In particular, a combined effect on MT1 and/or MT2 receptors and neurotransmitter systems may be useful, since the normalization of the circadian rhythm through the melatonergic system will probably contribute to improved treatment. In this review, we discuss melatonergic receptors as a potential additional target for novel drugs for depression.Документ Prospective pilot study to assess motor activity and the state of the hemostasis system in the acute period of ischemic stroke during systemic thrombolytic therapy(Aluna Publishing, 2021) Havlovska, Yaroslava Yu.; Lytvynenko, Nataliya V.; Havlovskyi, OIeksandr L.; Shkodina, Anastasiia D.; Гавловська, Ярослава Юріївна; Литвиненко, Наталія Володимирівна; Гавловський, Олександр Леонідович; Шкодіна, Анастасія ДмитрівнаOBJECTIVE: The aim: To investigate changes in motor activity and indicators of the state of the hemostasis system in the acute period of ischemic stroke during systemic thrombolytic therapy and without its use. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and methods: We examined 26 male and female patients with a clinical diagnosis of ischemic stroke, who were hospitalized on the first day of the disease to the neurological departments. Patients were divided into 2 groups: group 1-patients who underwent systemic thrombolytic therapy (sTLT) (n=11), group 2-patients who did not receive sTLT (n=15). To compare the coagulogram parameters, 12 healthy patients were examined (control group). Examination of patients was performed on the 1st and 14th day of the disease (clinical examination, assessment of motor activity, coagulation test). Stroke severity was determined by the overall score of the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale. RESULTS: Results: The average age of patients in group 1 - 60.1±8.2 years old, in group 2 -61.3±5.5 years old. The number of points on the NIHSS scale in group 1 was 8.8±1.13 on 1st day and 3.7±0.79 on 14th day (p<0.05), in group 2 -5.7±0,94 on the 1st day and 3.1±0.93 on the 14th day(p<0.05). The results of the study of the coagulogram indicate a significantly higher level of soluble fibrin-monomer complexes on the 1st day on the 14th day of the ischemic stroke. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: In the acute period of ischemic stroke changes in the hemostasis system reflected the direction of the selected therapy. The use of systematic thrombolytic therapy in ischemic stroke led to a more severe decrease in stroke severity on the NIHSS scale, a significant increase in Barthel index.Документ Relationship between Sleep Disorders and Neuropsychiatric Symptoms in Parkinson's Disease: A Narrative Review(2022-10) Shkodina, Anastasiia D.; Iengalychev, Tymur R.; Tarianyk, Kateryna A.; Boiko, Dmytro I.; Lytvynenko, Nataliia V.; Skrypnikov, Andrii M.; Шкодіна, Анастасія Дмитрівна; Таряник, Катерина Анатоліївна; Бойко, Дмитро Іванович; Литвиненко, Наталія Володимирівна; Скрипніков, Андрій МиколайовичAim: The objective of this narrative review was to describe the versatile links between mental status and sleep in patients with Parkinson's disease. Methods: We searched randomized controlled studies, observational studies, meta-analyses, systematic reviews, and case reports written in English in PubMed during 2015 - 2021. Additionally, to ensure the completeness of the review, a second, more in-depth literature search was performed using the same electronic database with the search inquiries of increased specificity. Results: The information on pathophysiology, epidemiology, clinical features and risk factors was extracted and formed the basis for this review. Despite how widespread sleep disorders in Parkinson’s disease are, there is no systematic information about their association with neuropsychiatric symptoms, such as depression, anxiety, impulse control disorders, apathy, cognitive impairment and psychosis. In this review, we described relationships between these non-motor symptoms of Parkinson’s disease, their timeline occurrence, gap in knowledge and perspectives for further research. We suppose that early treatment of sleep disorders in patients with Parkinson’s disease can reduce the incidence and extent of neuropsychiatric symptoms. Conclusion: We have demonstrated multiple, multidirectional relationships between sleep disorders and neuropsychiatric symptoms. However, some of them remain unexplored. The described knowledge can be applied to further study the possibility of influencing neuropsychiatric symptoms through the correction of sleep disorders in patients with different stages of Parkinson’s disease.Документ The Degree of Pineal Gland Calcification in the Aged People is Associated with Changes in the Internal Structure(Ectodermal Dysplasia Group Turkey, 2021-07) Starchenko, Ivan I.; Grinko, Ruslana M.; Shkodina, Anastasiia D.; Filenko, Borys M.; Vynnyk, Nataliia I.; Roiko, Nataliia V.; Proskurnya, Serhiy A.; Sovhyria, Svitlana M.; Cherniak, Valentyna V.; Babenko, Victoriia I.; Старченко, Іван Іванович; Грінько, Руслана Миколаївна; Шкодіна, Анастасія Дмитрівна; Филенко, Борис Миколайович; Винник, Наталія Іванівна; Ройко, Наталія Віталіївна; Проскурня, Сергій Анатолійович; Совгиря, Світлана Миколаївна; Черняк, Валентина Володимирівна; Бабенко, Вікторія ІгорівнаThe question of the staged accumulation of brain sand in different parts of the pineal gland and the associated changes in cell composition and blood vessels in the elderly and senile people is not definitively studied. Our pilot study included 16 samples of the human pineal glands of the elderly and senile that were divided according to the degree of calcification into 2 groups. In order to objectify the data obtained on micropreparations in each group the morphometric parameters were determined. The degree of calcification of the pineal gland in the elderly and senile is associated with the topography of the inclusions of the brain sand and changes in blood vessels. Increased degree of calcification is accompanied by changes in internal structure of pineal gland which indicate involutional processes.Документ The role of circadian regulation of ghrelin levels in Parkinson's disease (literature review)(Aluna Publishing, 2021) Tarianyk, Kateryna A.; Lytvynenko, Nataliya V.; Shkodina, Anastasiia D.; Kaidashev, Ihor P.; Таряник, Катерина Анатоліївна; Литвиненко, Наталія Володимирівна; Шкодіна, Анастасія Дмитрівна; Кайдашев, Ігор ПетровичThe paper is aimed at the analysis of the role of the circadian regulation of ghrelin levels in patients with Parkinson's disease. Based on the literature data, patients with Parkinson's disease have clinical fluctuations in the symptoms of the disease, manifested by the diurnal changes in motor activity, autonomic functions, sleep-wake cycle, visual function, and the efficacy of dopaminergic therapy. Biological rhythms are controlled by central and peripheral oscillators which links with dopaminergic neurotransmission - core of the pathogenesis of Parkinson`s disease. Circadian system is altered in Parkinson`s disease due to that ghrelin fluctuations may be changed. Ghrelin is potential food-entrainable oscillator because it is linked with clock genes expression. In Parkinson`s disease this hormone may induce eating behavior changing and as a result metabolic disorder. The "hunger hormone" ghrelin can be a biomarker of the Parkinson's disease, and the study of its role in the pathogenesis, as well as its dependence on the period of the day, intake of levodopa medications to improve the effectiveness of treatment is promising.