Вісник проблем біології і медицини, 2023, Випуск 2 (169)

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Перегляд Вісник проблем біології і медицини, 2023, Випуск 2 (169) за Ключові слова "616.314-089.23-053.2(477)"

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    Medico-orthodox problems of deaf children in Ukraine
    (Полтавський державний медичний університет, 2023) Kuroedova, V. D.; Sokolohorska-Nykina, Y. K.; Куроєдова, Віра Дмитрівна; Сокологорська-Никіна, Юлія Костянтинівна
    Hearing impairment is one of the most common diseases worldwide. The maxillofacial apparatus of children with hearing deprivation has a number of morphological features due to the lack of specific speech articulation due to the pathology of the auditory analyzer. The prevalence of bite pathology in the deaf is quite high. Also, the prevalence of caries is quite high in children with hearing impairments. The purpose of our study was to assess the condition of teeth and maxillofacial anomalies in children with hearing impairments, to assess their level of knowledge about oral hygiene, to study the condition of the soft tissues of the oral cavity and to identify accompanying pathology, namely posture pathology. 61 children with hearing impairments were examined. All the examined (100%) had abnormalities of the maxillofacial system. The most common pathology of the bite in the examined children is the pathology of the 1st class. according to Engle – 73.77%. Caries occurred in 77.05%, with age, the number of children with at least one sign of caries (KPV) increases 4 times. Only one-fifth of deaf children (19.67%) were not found to have abnormalities of attachment of the soft tissues of the mouth during the examination. During the examination together with the orthopedist, it was established that only 5.26% of the examined were relatively healthy, in 94.74% of cases there were some or other disorders of the musculoskeletal system. Therefore, in order to increase the effectiveness of providing dental and orthodontic care to children with hearing impairments, dentists (orthodontists) need to take into account the anatomical and physiological features of patients and pay more attention to the facial reactions of deaf patients.Since the prevalence of malocclusion and deformities in children with hearing impairment is 100%, in order to prevent severe forms of dento-maxillofacial anomalies in such children, it is necessary to conduct scheduled examinations for the purpose of early diagnosis and timely elimination of the etiological factor of their development. The vast majority of examined children with hearing impairments (80.36%) have abnormalities of the attachment of soft tissues of the oral cavity, which is a significant complication of orthodontic pathology. The study of this problem is quite relevant for the determination of methods of prevention and the development of special recommendations for improving the provision of dental care to children and adults with hearing impairments. Key words: malocclusion, deaf children, caries, posture.