Вісник проблем біології і медицини, 2023, Випуск 2 (169)

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Перегляд Вісник проблем біології і медицини, 2023, Випуск 2 (169) за Ключові слова "anxiety disorder"

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    Significance of the glutamate system in neurotic pathology
    (Полтавський державний медичний університет, 2023) Sydorenko, A. H.; Сидоренко, Антоніна Григорівна
    Every third Ukrainian suffers from an anxiety disorder. The help that patients receive is not always effective. The high prevalence of this disease and the insufficient effectiveness of the existing treatment require the need to study the pathogenesis of neuroses and look for new treatment methods. The work aims to show the role of the glutamate system in developing neurotic pathology. Glutamic acid is the primary excitatory neurotransmitter. It interacts with glutamate receptors (mGlu), divided into ionotropic and membranotropic. There are three groups of ionotropic receptors. Membranotropic glutamate receptors are divided into three subgroups of receptors. Some of them are presynaptic autoreceptors. The participation of the glutamatergic system in the pathogenesis of neuroses is evidenced by the fact that competitive NMDA agonists have anticonvulsant and neuroprotective properties, as well as an anxiolytic effect. NMDA receptors are closely related to neurological and psychiatric disorders, including neurodegenerative diseases, stroke, epilepsy, schizophrenia, Alzheimer's disease and Parkinsonism. AMPA glutamate receptors are the main mediators of fast excitatory neurotransmission in the central nervous system. They play an essential role in the occurrence of epileptic seizures. Metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) are a relatively new biotarget. The basis of the search for effective and safe drugs for treating anxiety is modulators of glutamatergic neurotransmission. The study of this system is necessary for understanding the pathogenesis and development of such common pathologies as anxiety, neurosis, depression, epilepsy, addiction, and neurodegenerative diseases