Онтогенетична мінливість мінерального складу лучних рослин лівобережного лісостепу України

Abstract

Проводилося фітохімічне дослідження дикорослих лучних рослин Лівобережного Лісостепу України. З’ясовувався вміст золи та кількість калію, кальцію, магнію, фосфору, натрію у надземній масі рослин. Встановлено, що у представників різнотрав’я відбувається зменшення всіх мінеральних елементів по проходженні фаз вегетації, хоча загальна насиченість організмів рослин мінеральними елементами у них набагато вища, ніж у Poaceae або Fabaceae. У видів Fabaceae і Poaceae вміст мінеральних речовин не завжди знижується до кінця вегетації, іноді відбувається їх збільшення (кальцію і магнію); Проводилось фитохимическое исследование дикорастущих луговых растений Левобережной Лесостепи Украины. Выяснялось содержание золы и количество калия, кальция, магния, фосфора, натрия в надземной массе растений. Установлено, что у представителей разнотравья происходит уменьшение всех минеральных элементов по прохождении фаз вегетации, хотя общая насыщенность организмов растений минеральными элементами в них намного выше, чем в Poaceae или Fabaceae. У видов Fabaceae и Poaceae содержание минеральных веществ не всегда снижается к концу вегетации, иногда происходит их увеличение (кальция и магния); Phytochemical studies conducted wild meadow plants Left Bank Steppes of Ukraine. It was determined ash content and the amount of potassium, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, sodium overground mass of plants. It became clear the ash content and the amount of potassium, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, sodium in the aboveground mass of plants, depending on the condition of ontogeny. It is established that the ash content of different vegetation phases from the investigated meadow plants varies considerably. As they Mature it decreases in Fabaceae from at 9.53 to 7.15%, Poaceae from of 3.03 to 7.23% in grasses from of 11.84 to 9,84%. This pattern can be traced on the example of the ratio of the two species of the family Poaceae: Festuca rupicola Heuff. (1) and Poa pratensis L. The interval of accumulation of calcium in the studied meadow plants was 0.1 to 1.8%. The content of the indicator in some plants, decreases to the phase of flowering, others – increased. In the phase of fruiting Festuca rupicola Heuff. increases calcium content, and in Poa pratensis L. – remains the same. Herbs contain more potassium, and less Poaceae and less – Fabaceaе. The concentration of potassium in plants from budding-earing to fruiting decreased the representatives of the grass almost 2 times, and in the Fabaceae and Poaceae, such a decrease was not so sharp. The greatest accumulation of magnesium in the studied representatives of Forbs occurs before flowering, Fabaceae – after flowering. After flowering from Poaceae is to increase the amount of magnesium with a 0.19 to 0.31% in the grass – almost 2.5 times the reduction. The average accumulation of phosphorus discovered by members of 0.10±0,065%. The amount of phosphorus in meadow plants may decrease, increase, stay the same level until the blooming phase. From Festuca rupicola, we see an increase in the value of the indicator, until the blooming phase with a subsequent decrease until the fruiting phase, and Poa pratensis – reduction to flowering and fruiting increase. The amount of sodium in all plant species within 0,082 – of 0.219%. The accumulation of sodium to the end of flowering increases compared to the heading stage and remains approximately at the same level until the end of the growing season or at the end of the growing season decreases. In general, the representatives of the grass cover decreases of all the mineral elements at the end of ontogeny, although the total richness of organisms of plants mineral elements are much higher than that of Poaceae or Fabaceae. In the species of the Fabaceae and Poaceae mineral content is not always reduced by the end of the growing season, sometimes there is an increase (calcium and magnesium). The contents of ash and mineral elements to the end of the vegetation period of the studied plants is reduced as individual representatives, and families in general. The exception in the accumulation of mineral elements were calcium, the content of which by the end of the growing season often increases. This is because calcium is transferred to the plant in only one direction – from the roots to the leaves and not reutilizes. The maximum amount of minerals often accumulate in the stage of budding and flowering, when the top part of the meadow plants of the highest quality.