Перегляд за Автор "Shkodina, A. D."
Зараз показуємо 1 - 20 з 38
Результатів на сторінці
Налаштування сортування
Документ A conception of integrated phased model combining sleep hygiene and stimulus control as an adult sleep education approach(Frontiers, 2024-12-18) Shkodina, A. D.; Boiko, D. I.; Шкодіна, Анастасія Дмитрівна; Бойко, Дмитро ІвановичThe prevalence of mental illnesses, particularly those associated with the impact of stress, is on the rise globally. Conditions like stress, depression, and anxiety are intricately connected to sleep and circadian rhythms through shared underlying mechanisms, underscoring the significance of sleep health as a critical public health concern. We recommend considering a structured approach to sleep hygiene and stimulus control education in future research to enhance consumer acceptance of this information. An integrated phase model may be beneficial to organize the training into different parts of the day to effectively guide the client through the advices. Specifically, the client can identify the specific time block in which they experience disturbances and concentrate on addressing it during therapy.Документ Association between emotional-volitional dysfunction and features of aggression or hostility in mens with different forms of substance addictions: a cross-sectional study(Aluna Publishing, 2020) Zhyvotovska, L. V.; Boiko, D. I.; Kadzhaia, N. V.; Shkodina, A. D.; Demianenko, I. V.; Borysenko, V. V.; Животовська, Лілія Валентинівна; Бойко, Дмитро Іванович; Шкодіна, Анастасія Дмитрівна; Борисенко, Володимир ВасильовичThe aim: The research aim was to study features of emotional-volitional sphere and its association in mens with different forms of Substance Addictions. Materials and methods: We examined 146 patients with alcohol and drug addictions using Toronto Alexithymia Scale, Zverkov-Eidmann`s questionnaire and Buss-Durkee questionnaire. Results: The study showed an increase in the overall level of alexithymia, a moderate level of aggressiveness and a sufficient level of volitional self-regulation without a significant difference between the groups. The indirect correlation of “persistence” with the “general level of alexithymia”, “difficulty identifying feelings” and “physical aggression” in group 1 and at the same time the indirect correlation between “self-control” and “verbal aggression” and “volitional self-regulation” with “difficulty describing feelings” can be explained by the opposite meaning of these concepts and phenomena themselves.However, it is interesting that the indicators “physical aggression” and “difficulty describing feelings” in group 2 were significantly lower, but at the same time correlated with “general level of alexithymia” and “irritability”, respectively. On other hand in group 1 the indicator “suspiciousness” is directly related to the “general level of alexithymia”, but its level is significantly lower in comparison with group 2. Conclusions: The phenomenon of alexithymia is not only recorded in the clinical picture of patients with various forms of addiction, but can also induce the development of manifestations of aggressiveness and hostility in them. Correction of alexithymia is necessary to understand the emotional state of these patients and choose the right approach to their treatment and rehabilitation.Документ Challenges and Gaps in the Treatment of Advanced Sleep Phase Disorder: A Call for Further Research and Understanding(University of Niš, 2024) Boiko, D. I.; Mats, O. V.; Shkodina, A. D.; Skrypnikov, A. M.; Бойко, Дмитро Іванович; Мац, Оксана Василівна; Шкодіна, Анастасія Дмитрівна; Скрипніков, Андрій МиколайовичPeople with circadian rhythm disturbances are at an elevated risk of mental disorders, and conversely, those with mental disorders are more susceptible to the circadian disruption. A steady circadian cycle of sleep and wakefulness that is phase-shifted relative to the prior local solar time may be characterized by a short endogenous circadian period. Advanced sleep-wake phase disorder (ASPD) is characterized by a substantial advancement of the sleep-wake cycle phase, followed with sleep-related symptoms. ASPD is a challenging sleep-wake disorder to manage, with current treatment options varying in efficacy and potential side effects. Further research is needed to identify effective treatment options and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of ASPD. More research is needed to better understand the underlying mechanisms of ASPD and the molecular and metabolic changes associated with aging that may contribute to the development of the disorder.Документ Changes of structural organization of human olfactory bulbs under conditions of severe forms of pneumonia and cerebrovascular pathology(Дніпропетровський державний медичний університет, 2021) Shkodina, A. D.; Grinko, R. M.; Starchenko, I. I.; Vynnyk, N. I.; Sovhyria, S. M.; Kyslyi, V. F.; Шкодіна, Анастасія Дмитрівна; Грінько, Руслана Миколаївна; Старченко, Іван Іванович; Винник, Наталія Іванівна; Совгиря, Світлана Миколаївна; Кислий, Владислав ФедоровичThe role of human olfactory bulbs remains one of the most interesting questions concerning work of the brain, because this organ is one in which neurogenesis is continuously generated in post-natal and adult periods. Impaired sense of smell is not a pathology that threatens human life, therefore, often remains unnoticed. However, it can directly affect the quality of life, as it leads to malnutrition and certain problems in interpersonal relationships. The study of the functional structure of the olfactory analyzer plays an important role both in clinical and experimental studies, but the question of its features in humans needs detailed research. The material of the research was 18 pairs of the olfactory bulbs of males and females aged from 30 to 90 years that were received at the Poltava Regional Department of Pathology. In order to objectify the data obtained on micropreparations, the following morphometric indices were determined: the specific gravity of the location of cellular elements; the proportion of mitral neurocytes in the entire cell population; percentage ratio of relative quantity between cellular elements, blood microvessels, fibrillar component and homogeneous eosinophilic structures. Correlation analysis of morphometric indices in the general sample revealed the existence of an inverse communication of average strength between the relative number of homogeneous eosinophilic cells and the relative number of cellular elements and blood microvessels, which in turn indicates the etiopathogenetic mechanisms of the formation of these structures. The conducted research makes it possible to conclude that mitral cells as one of the most differentiated in olfactory bulbs are sensitive to the development of hypoxic states; under the conditions of cerebrovascular pathology, the relative amount of the blood vessels of the microvessels decreases, which leads to the disorder of the trophy of the nervous tissue and as a result can lead to neurocytolysis of mitral cells. Changes in the vascular and cellular component indicate a different pathogenesis of changes in human olfactory bulbs in these pathologies and suggest that eosinophilic homogeneous cells are the result of apoptotic neurocytolysis against the background of development of hypoxic states.Документ Chronotype and daily functioning of patients with different motor subtypes of parkinson disease(Полтавський державний медичний університет, 2024) Shkodina, A. D.; Bardhan, M.; Tarianyk, K. A.; Delva, M. Yu.; Шкодіна, Анастасія Дмитрівна; Бардхан, Майняк; Таряник, Катерина Анатоліївна; Дельва, Михайло ЮрійовичIntroduction. Sleep and circadian rhythm disturbances can occur at any stage of Parkinson disease (PD) and significantly affect quality of life. Chronotypes of patients with PD are associated with different phenotypes, in particular with the motor subtype. Thus, we hypothesized that patients with different motor subtypes of PD may have differences in the distribution of chronotypes and patterns of daily activity. Methods and materials. We conducted clinical research on the basis of the Centre for Parkinson Disease and Neurodegenerative Diseases of the Department of Neurological Diseases of Poltava State Medical University. PD was verified according to the recommendations of the International Movement Disorders and Parkinson's Disease Society. The motor subtype of PD was determined by the Stebbin method, which is based on the calculation of the Stebbins coefficient by the sum of the Unified PD Rating Scale scores. The examined patients were divided into 3 groups according to the motor subtype of PD: group 1 (n = 38) - patients with PD subtype with the predominance of postural instability and gait disorders (PIGD); group 2 (n = 26) - patients with PD subtype with the predominance of tremor and mixed subtype; control group (n = 30) - conditionally healthy individuals without CNS lesions. Circadian patterns were analyzed using the Munich Chronotype Questionnaire (MCTQ). Results. It was found that in PD patients sleep onset and time of getting out of bed was later (p<0.001 and p=0.042, respectively), sleep latency was longer (p<0.001), sleep duration was shorter (p=0.001), the mid-sleep corresponded to a later time (p<0.001). Patients with the PIGD subtype had a later time of getting out of bed (p=0.038), longer sleep inertia (p<0.001), shorter sleep duration (p<0.001), and later mid-sleep time (p=0.028). We have shown the tendency of patients with PD, mostly in the PIGD subtype, to later chronotypes (p<0.001). Light exposure indirectly moderately correlated with mid-sleep in all study groups. It was found that both the motor subtype (p<0.001) and the level of light exposure during the day (p<0.001) statistically significantly affect the mid-sleep. Conclusion. Thus, we have found that patients with PD differ from age-matched controls without neurodegenerative diseases by chronotype and circadian pattern of functioning. The motor subtype of the disease is associated with circadian differences, namely, the PIGD subtype is associated with shorter sleep duration, a predisposition to a later chronotype, and longer sleep inertia.Документ Circadian rhythm disorder and anxiety as mental health complications in post‑COVID‑19(Springer, 2022) Boiko, D. I.; Skrypnikov, A. M.; Shkodina, A. D.; Hasan, M. M.; Ashraf, G. M.; Rahman, M. H.; Бойко, Дмитро Іванович; Скрипніков, Андрій Миколайович; Шкодіна, Анастасія ДмитрівнаIn 2020, the world gained dramatic experience of the development of the 2019 coronavirus disease pandemic (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Recent researches notice an increasing prevalence of anxiety and circadian rhythm disorders during COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of the study was describing clinical features of circadian rhythm disorders and the level of anxiety in persons who have had COVID-19. We have conducted a cohort retrospective study that included 278 patients who were divided into 2 study groups according to medical history: group 1 includes patients with a history of COVID-19; group 2 consists of patients who did not have clinically confrmed COVID-19 and are therefore considered not to have had this disease. To objectify circadian rhythm disorders, they were verifed in accordance with the criteria of the International Classifcation of Sleep Disorders-3. The level of anxiety was assessed by the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. The most common circadian rhythm disorders were sleep phase shifts. We found that COVID-19 in the anamnesis caused a greater predisposition of patients to the development of circadian rhythm disorders, in particular delayed sleep phase disorder. In addition, it was found that after COVID-19 patients have increased levels of both trait and state anxiety. In our study, it was the frst time that relationships between post-COVID-19 anxiety and circadian rhythm disorders had been indicated. Circadian rhythm disorders are associated with increased trait and state anxiety, which may indicate additional ways to correct post-COVID mental disorders and their comorbidity with sleep disorders.Документ Circadian rhythm disorders and non-motor symptoms in different motor subtypes of Parkinson's disease(Georgian Association of Business Press, 2021) Tarianyk, K. A.; Shkodina, A. D.; Lytvynenko, N. V.; Таряник, Катерина Анатоліївна; Шкодіна, Анастасія Дмитрівна; Литвиненко, Наталія ВолодимирівнаThe phenotype of the disease depends not only on the prevalence of certain motor signs, but also on non-motor symptoms. Determination of different profiles of Parkinson's disease improves disease prognosis and management. A clinical study was conducted in patients with Parkinson's disease. For this purpose, 64 patients with various motor subtypes of the disease were examined. Diagnosis was made according to the UK Brain Bank Criteria. The patients were divided into groups according to the motor subtype verified by the results of interference electroneuromyography. In each group, demographic data were collected, staging according to the Hoehn-Yahr scale and the overall score of the unified UPDRS scale were studied. The study of gait was evaluated using the Nonmotor Symptom Rating Scale for Parkinson's Disease (NMSS). The Munich Chronotype Questionnaire (MCTQ) was used to determine sleep onset, wake-up time, sleep duration, mid-sleep, average sleep duration, average weekly light exposure, chronotype, and for working patients, relative jet lag and average weekly sleep deficit. Circadian rhythm disorders were diagnosed according to the international classification of sleep disorders-3. Patients with Parkinson's disease have a more characteristic evening chronotype and a shorter sleep duration due to late sleep onset. On the other hand, the tendency towards the morning or evening chronotype is not associated with the severity of the disease or the level of daytime sleepiness. It was found that PD patients are characterized by more pronounced disorders of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary systems, sleep and cognitive-affective disorders, and others. In patients with a mixed motor subtype, mood and cognitive impairments are more pronounced, and gait disorders are more pronounced in patients with a mixed motor subtype. Thus, different motor subtypes of Parkinson's disease have differences in the severity of motor manifestations and features of the circadian rhythm. Circadian dysregulation is associated with features of daily functioning and disorders of the motor sphere.Документ Cognitive and affective disturbances in patients with Parkinson's disease: Perspectives for classifying of motor/neuropsychiatric subtypes(Elsevier, 2022-06) Shkodina, A. D.; Tarianyk, K. A.; Boiko, D. I.; Zehravi, Mehrukh; Akter, Shamima; Ashraf, Ghulam Md.; Rahman, Md. Habibur; Шкодіна, Анастасія Дмитрівна; Таряник, Катерина Анатоліївна; Бойко, Дмитро ІвановичParkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurological disorder, related to rigidity, bradykinesia, and resting tremors, among other motor symptoms. It is noticed in the increasing frequency of neuropsychiatric disorders, which may be also caused by non-motor symptoms of PD. Treatment of PD is usually based on the classification of motor subtypes; however, it remains unclear whether motor subtypes have differences in the severity of psychiatric symptoms. It determines the importance of discovering possible neuropsychiatric subtypes of PD. We conducted a clinical study, which included group 1 - patients with postural instability and gait disorders dominant (PIGD) subtype, group 2 - patients with tremor dominant (TD) and indeterminate subtypes (non-PIGD), and group 3 - people who did not have CNS damage. We used the Montreal Cognitive Assessment, Russified 20-point version of the Toronto Alexithymia Scale, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, and Beck Depression Inventory for assessment of the mental status. It was the first time that neuropsychiatric subtypes of PD had been investigated based on the condition of cognition and mood. Cluster analysis gave us the possibility to classify our patients by the following subtype: affective-cognitive PIGD, anxious PIGD, affective-cognitive non-PIGD, and non-PIGD without psychiatric symptoms. This indicates a closed link between psychiatric and motor symptoms, which can be used for the improved treatment of PD.Документ Cognitive and motor impairments in different motor subtypes of parkinson disease and patients’ quality of life(Полтавський державний медичний університет, 2024) Shkodina, A. D.; Шкодіна, Анастасія ДмитрівнаNumerous motor and non-motor symptoms characterize Parkinson's disease. Modern research increasingly focuses on their relationship and role in patients' quality of life. Our study aimed to evaluate cognitive and motor impairment in different motor subtypes of PD and analyze their relationship with quality of life. The study included 64 patients with Parkinson's disease, divided according to motor subtype: group 1 - patients with PD subtype with a predominance of postural instability and gait disorders; group 2 - patients with PD subtype with a predominance of tremor or intermediate subtype. The patients were examined using the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale, the Hoehn and Yahr scale, the Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale, and the Parkinson's Disease Quality of Life Scale. It was found that group 1 had a statistically significant higher score on the "mobility" (p=0.004) and "emotional well-being" (p=0.013) scales, indicating a greater severity of motor function impairment and psychoemotional disorders in these patients. At the same time, the score on the "stigmatization" scale was found to be higher in group 2 (p=0.049). There were no differences in the scales of "daily activity", "social support", "cognition", "communication" and "body discomfort". The total score on the PDQ-39 scale was higher in group 1 compared to group 2 (p=0.042), indicating a worse quality of life. We found a worse quality of life in patients with PIGD subtype of PD, in particular in the domains of mobility and "emotional well-being", while patients with non-PIGD subtype were characterized by a more acute perception of disease stigma, in the absence of differences in the severity of clinical symptoms and cognitive impairment.Документ Drug reprofiling history and potential therapies against Parkinson’s disease(2022-10-26) Latif, Komal; Ullah, Aman; Shkodina, A. D.; Boiko, D. I.; Rafique, Zakia; Alghamdi, Badrah S.; Alfaleh, Mohamed A.; Ashraf, Ghulam Md.; Шкодіна, Анастасія Дмитрівна; Бойко, Дмитро ІвановичGiven the high whittling down rates, high costs, and moderate pace of new medication, revelation, and improvement, repurposing “old” drugs to treat typical and uncommon illnesses is progressively becoming an appealing proposition. Drug repurposing is the way toward utilizing existing medications in treating diseases other than the purposes they were initially designed for. Faced with scientific and economic challenges, the prospect of discovering new medication indications is enticing to the pharmaceutical sector. Medication repurposing can be used at various stages of drug development, although it has shown to be most promising when the drug has previously been tested for safety. We describe strategies of drug repurposing for Parkinson’s disease, which is a neurodegenerative condition that primarily affects dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. We also discuss the obstacles faced by the repurposing community and suggest new approaches to solve these challenges so that medicine repurposing can reach its full potential.Документ Dynamics cognitive functions recovery in the acute period of different subtypes of ischemic stroke after systemic thrombolytic therapy(Полтавський державний медичний університет, м.Полтава, Україна, 2023) Havlovska, Ya. Yu.; Lytvynenko, N. V.; Shkodina, A. D.; Havlovskyi, O. L.; Гавловська, Ярослава Юріївна; Литвиненко, Наталія Володимирівна; Шкодіна, Анастасія Дмитрівна; Гавловський, Олександр ЛеонідовичStroke is the second leading cause of death worldwide, the leading cause of disability, and a significant financial burden. Currently, 3 to 4% of the total health care costs of countries are spent on stroke treatment. Studies of stroke survivors have shown that approximately 10% may develop dementia within the first year after a stroke. However, today the issue of early recovery of patients with acute cerebrovascular diseases and the phenomenology of the development of complications, in particular cognitive disorders in the acute period, is an acute issue, which would allow optimizing personalized strategies for the treatment of such patients. The goal is to evaluate the dynamic changes in the cognitive sphere in patients in the acute II period with atherothrombotic and cardioembolic subtypes after thrombolysis. We conducted a prospective two-center study of patients in the acute phase of ischemic stroke. 89 patients were included in the study: group 1aA (n=32) – patients with atherothrombotic subtype of ischemic stroke (IS), who were subject to thrombolytic therapy (sTLT); group 1aK (n=16) – patients with cardioembolic subtype IS who were to undergo sTLT; group 2 (n=20) –healthy patients with no history of acute cerebrovascular disorders (control group). Assessment of cognitive functions was carried out using international standardized scales, in particular: Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE). We established statistically significant differences between the examined groups for 1 day according to indicators of time orientation (р=0.007), attention and calculation (р<0.001), perception and memory (р=0.001) and the total MMSE score (р<0.001). Statistically significant differences were found between the examined groups on the 14th day in the indicators of attention and calculation (p<0.001) and in the total MMSE score (p<0.001). No significant differences in ∆MMSE were found between groups 1aA and 1aK (р=0.701). In patients with cardioembolic subtype IS, the presence of positive dynamics in the acute period was established, while in patients with atherothrombotic subtype it was not detected. Along with this, the difference in recovery of various domains of the cognitive sphere in the acute period according to subtype IS was noted. This is how we discovered. that the dynamic changes of cognitive functions in the acute IS period after sTLT vary depending on the clinical subtype.Документ Healthcare system amidst the war in Ukraine(Elsevier, 2022) Shkodina, A. D.; Chopra, H.; Singh, I.; Shoaib, A.; Boiko, D. I.For more than two months now, Russian troops have been destroying cities in Ukraine. On February 24, 2022, Russia unreasonably attacked Ukraine. The bloody conflict in Ukraine has seen several attacks on healthcare institutions, including hospitals and clinics. Healthcare is a significant force, especially in the context of military conflict. Not only because it takes care of wounded combatants, but also because it allows the society to continue to function before, during, and after the war. The healthcare system in Ukraine is facing the terrible challenges of war and needs humanitarian aid and the support of the international community.Документ Increased subsequent risk of mental disorders after experienced stress-related disorders: correspondence(Elsevier, 2023) Boiko, D. I.; Shkodina, A. D.; Бойко, Дмитро Іванович; Шкодіна, Анастасія ДмитрівнаBased on multiple studies, we emphasize isolated findings regarding the long-term implications of stress-related mental diseases, particularly alterations in the neurological, immunological, and endocrine systems’ homeostasis, as well as an increased risk of occurring other psychiatric disorders. Thus, despite substantial theoretical evidence, the mechanism and duration of alterations caused by stress-related disorders remain unexplained. Because the number of factors that can act as traumatic factors and lead to the development of stress-related disorders is increasing in the modern world, we should pay attention not only to the relief of acute symptoms of the disease but also to the evaluation of its prognosis and long-term consequences for improving global health.Документ Melatonergic Receptors (Mt1/Mt2) as a Potential Additional Target of Novel Drugs for Depression(Springer, 2022-06) Boiko, D. I.; Shkodina, A. D.; Hasan, Mohammad Mehedi; Bardhan, Mainak; Kazmi, Syeda Kanza; Chopra, Hitesh; Bhutra, Prerna; Baig, Atif Amin; Skrypnikov, A. M.; Бойко, Дмитро Іванович; Шкодіна, Анастасія Дмитрівна; Скрипніков, Андрій МиколайовичA complex pathogenesis involving several physiological systems is theorized to underline the development of depressive disorders. Depression is accompanied by circadian regulation disruption and interaction with the functioning of both central and peripheral oscillators. Many aspects of melatonin function unite these systems. The use of drugs for circadian rhythm disorders could inspire a potential treatment strategy for depression. Melatonin plays an essential role in the regulation of circadian rhythms. It exerts effect by activating two types of melatonin receptors, type 1A (MT1) and 1B (MT2). These are G-protein-coupled receptors, predominantly located in the central nervous system. MT1/MT2 agonists could be a useful treatment approach according to all three prevalent theories of the pathogenesis of depression involving either monoamines, synaptic remodeling, or immune/inflammatory events. MT1/MT2 receptors can be a potential target for novel antidepressants with impact on concentrations of neurotrophins or neurotransmitters, and reducing levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. There is an interesting cross-talk mediated via the physical association of melatonin and serotonin receptors into functional heteromers. The antidepressive and neurogenetic effects of MT1/MT2 agonists can also be caused by the inhibition of the acid sphingomyelinase, leading to reduced ceramide, or increasing monoamine oxidase A levels in the hippocampus. Compounds targeting MT1 and MT2 receptors could have potential for new anti-depressants that may improve the quality of therapeutic interventions in treating depression and relieving symptoms. In particular, a combined effect on MT1 and/or MT2 receptors and neurotransmitter systems may be useful, since the normalization of the circadian rhythm through the melatonergic system will probably contribute to improved treatment. In this review, we discuss melatonergic receptors as a potential additional target for novel drugs for depression.Документ Modern conception as to the functional morphology of the olfactory system and its changes under the influence of some exogenous pollutants(Полтавський державний медичний університет, 2019) Shkodina, A. D.; Hrinko, R. M.; Starchenko, I. I.Взаємодія людини з навколишнім середовищем забезпечує основні аспекти її життєдіяльності. Вирішальну роль при цьому відіграють дистантні аналізатори. Дослідження функціональної будови нюхового аналізатора посідає важливе місце як в клінічних, так і в експериментальних дослідженнях, однак питання його особливостей саме в людини потребує детальних досліджень. У роботі наведені сучасні дані вітчизняних і зарубіжних дослідників, що стосуються структурно-функціональної організації нюхового аналізатора. Особливу увагу приділено структурній організації нюхових цибулин, як найбільш складно влаштованого і найменш вивченого компонента нюхового аналізатора. Описано морфологічні та функціональні зміни нюхового аналізатора, що розвиваються при деяких захворюваннях і дії несприятливих чинників навколишнього середовища, при цьому акцентується увага на відмінності механізму патогенезу ушкоджень нюхового аналізатора в залежності від характеру впливу патогенних чинників. Так, в результаті нетривалого інтенсивного впливу полютанту незворотніх атрофічних змін в першу чергу зазнає нюховий епітелій, тим самим, в де який мірі, запобігаючи поширенню токсину на інші структури аналізатору. І навпаки, тривалий вплив низьких доз зазвичай зберігає функціональну активність нюхового епітелію, натомість шкідливі речовини проникають до центрального відділу нюхового аналізатора. В таких випадках нюхова дисфункція може діагностуватися через тривалий час після початку контакту з певними полютантами. На сьогодні досить активно проводяться дослідження впливу екзогенних токсинів на різні ланки нюхового аналізатора на тваринних експериментальних моделях. В той же час питання функціонально - морфологічних змін в різних структурних компонентах нюхового аналізатора людини під впливом негативних факторів довкілля залишається недостатньо вивченим і потребує подальших морфологічних та біохімічних досліджень, з метою можливості в подальшому розробки дієвих лікувальних та профілактичних засобів. The interaction between a body and an environment provides the main aspects of human life. The study of the functional structure of the olfactory analyzer plays an important role both in clinical and in experimental studies, but the question of its features in humans needs detailed research. The paper presents the modern data of the structural and functional organization of the olfactory analyzer. Particular attention is paid to the structural organization of olfactory bulbs as most complicated and least studied component of the olfactory analyzer. The morphological and functional changes of the olfactory analyzer are developing in some diseases and in action of adverse environmental factors are described while the accentuation is placed on the differences of the mechanism in the pathogenesis of damage to the olfactory analyzer, depending on the nature of the influence of pathogenic factors. In this way as the result of shorttermintense effects of the pollutant, irreversible atrophic changes are primarily affected to the olfactory epithelium, thus, to some extent, preventing the spread of the toxin to other analyzer structures. Conversely, a long-term exposure to low doses usually retains the functional activity of the olfactory epithelium, while harmful substances penetrate the central unit of the olfactory analyzer. In such cases, the olfactory dysfunction can be diagnosed after a long time after the start of the cohort with certain pollutants. Currently, studies of the influence of exogenous toxins on various parts of the olfactory analyzer on animal experimental models are quite active. At the same time, the issue of functional and morphological changes in various structural components of the human olfactory analyzer under the influence of negative environmental factors remains poorly understood and requires further morphological and biochemical studies, in order to be able to further develop effective therapeutic and prophylactic means.Документ Relationship between Sleep Disorders and Neuropsychiatric Symptoms in Parkinson's Disease: A Narrative Review(2022-10) Shkodina, A. D.; Iengalychev, T. R.; Tarianyk, K. A.; Boiko, D. I.; Lytvynenko, N. V.; Skrypnikov, A. M.; Шкодіна, Анастасія Дмитрівна; Таряник, Катерина Анатоліївна; Бойко, Дмитро Іванович; Литвиненко, Наталія Володимирівна; Скрипніков, Андрій МиколайовичAim: The objective of this narrative review was to describe the versatile links between mental status and sleep in patients with Parkinson's disease. Methods: We searched randomized controlled studies, observational studies, meta-analyses, systematic reviews, and case reports written in English in PubMed during 2015 - 2021. Additionally, to ensure the completeness of the review, a second, more in-depth literature search was performed using the same electronic database with the search inquiries of increased specificity. Results: The information on pathophysiology, epidemiology, clinical features and risk factors was extracted and formed the basis for this review. Despite how widespread sleep disorders in Parkinson’s disease are, there is no systematic information about their association with neuropsychiatric symptoms, such as depression, anxiety, impulse control disorders, apathy, cognitive impairment and psychosis. In this review, we described relationships between these non-motor symptoms of Parkinson’s disease, their timeline occurrence, gap in knowledge and perspectives for further research. We suppose that early treatment of sleep disorders in patients with Parkinson’s disease can reduce the incidence and extent of neuropsychiatric symptoms. Conclusion: We have demonstrated multiple, multidirectional relationships between sleep disorders and neuropsychiatric symptoms. However, some of them remain unexplored. The described knowledge can be applied to further study the possibility of influencing neuropsychiatric symptoms through the correction of sleep disorders in patients with different stages of Parkinson’s disease.Документ Roles of clock genes in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease(Elsevier, 2022-02) Shkodina, A. D.; Tan, S. Ch.; Hasan, M. M.; Abdelgawad, Mai; Chopra, Hitesh; Bilal, Muhammad; Boiko, D. I.; Tarianyk, K. A.; Alexiou, Athanasios; Шкодіна, Анастасія Дмитрівна; Бойко, Дмитро Іванович; Таряник, Катерина АнатоліївнаParkinson's disease (PD) is a common motor disorder that has become increasingly prevalent in the ageing population. Recent works have suggested that circadian rhythms disruption is a common event in PD patients. Clock genes regulate the circadian rhythm of biological processes in eukaryotic organisms, but their roles in PD remain unclear. Despite this, several lines of evidence point to the possibility that clock genes may have a significant impact on the development and progression of the disease. This review aims to consolidate recent understanding of the roles of clock genes in PD. We first summarized the findings of clock gene expression and epigenetic analyses in PD patients and animal models. We also discussed the potential contributory role of clock gene variants in the development of PD and/or its symptoms. We further reviewed the mechanisms by which clock genes affect mitochondrial dynamics as well as the rhythmic synthesis and secretion of endocrine hormones, the impairment of which may contribute to the development of PD. Finally, we discussed the limitations of the currently available studies, and suggested future potential studies to deepen our understanding of the roles of clock genes in PD pathogenesis.Документ Serum Level of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor and Thrombotic Type Are Predictive of Cognitive Impairment in the Acute Period of Ischemic Strokes Patients(Hindawi, 2023) Havlovska, Ya. Yu.; Lytvynenko, N. V.; Shkodina, A. D.; Гавловська, Ярослава Юріївна; Литвиненко, Наталія Володимирівна; Шкодіна, Анастасія Дмитрівна40–70% of patients after a stroke, including a mild one, may experience cognitive impairment. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) plays a significant role in the pathogenesis and rehabilitation of ischemic stroke and also affects the patients' recovery prognosis. An association between cognitive impairment in the poststroke period and lower peripheral BDNF levels is known, but the prognostic significance of serum BDNF levels and clinical characteristics for the risk of developing cognitive impairment in the acute period remains uncertain. We conducted a prospective cohort study of patients in the acute phase of ischemic stroke. Clinical examination, assessment of neurological status, neuropsychological testing, and laboratory analyzes were performed on patients at 1 and 14 days after ischemic stroke. The state of cognitive functions was assessed by the Mini-Mental State Examination scale. Quantification of BDNF in blood serum was performed by solid-phaseenzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). We found that within 14 days after an acute ischemic stroke, we found a decrease in the clinical severity of patients compared to 1 day of the onset of the disease before the start of treatment and a significant decrease in the level of BDNF in the blood serum of patients with ischemic stroke both on the first and on the 14th day. However, during the 2 weeks of the acute period, no significant changes were detected, despite the general improvement of the clinical condition. In our study, cognitive impairment was found in almost half of the patients on the first day of ischemic stroke, and there was no significant reduction in this prevalence over 2 weeks. We found that a low level of BDNF and a thrombotic subtype of ischemic stroke can be risk factors for cognitive impairment in the acute period, which can be useful in planning treatment and rehabilitation measures.Документ Sleep and armed conflict: future complications of war in Ukraine(Elsevier, 2022) Shkodina, A. D.; Zhyvotovska, A. I.; Boiko, D. I.; Шкодіна, Анастасія Дмитрівна; Животовська, Анастасія Ігорівна; Бойко, Дмитро ІвановичДокумент Targeting oxidative stress mechanisms to treat Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease: a critical review(Hindawi, 2022) Aborode, Abdullahi Tunde; Pustake, Manas; Awuah, Wireko Andrew; Alwerdani, Mariam; Shah, Parth; Yarlagadda, Rohan; Ahmad, Shahzaib; Correia, Inês F. Silva; Chandra, Ayush; Nansubug, Esther Patience; Abdul-Rahman, Toufik; Mehta, Aashna; Ali, Omar; Amaka, Shekinah Obinna; Zuñiga, Yves Miel H.; Shkodina, A. D.; Inya, Oko Christian; Shen, Bairong; Alexiou, Athanasios; Шкодіна, Анастасія ДмитрівнаNeurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD) are becoming more frequent as the age increases. Contemporary therapies provide symptom resolution instead of targeting underlying pathological pathways. Consequently, there is considerable heterogeneity in response to treatment. Research has elucidated multiple potential of pathophysiological mechanisms contributing to neurodegenerative conditions, among which oxidative stress pathways appear to be suitable drug targets. The oxidative stress pathway has given rise to numerous novel pharmacological therapies that may provide a new avenue for neurodegenerative diseases. For example, SKQ (plastoquinone), MitoVitE, vitamin E, SOD mimic, MitoTEMPO (SOD mimetic), and bioactive molecules like curcumin and vitamin C have indeed been examined. To better understand how oxidative stress contributes to neurodegenerative diseases (such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s), we analyzed the medicinal qualities of medicines that target markers in the cellular oxidative pathways. The specific pathway by which mitochondrial dysfunction causes neurodegeneration will require more investigation. An animal study should be carried out on medications that tackle cellular redox mechanisms but are not currently licensed for use in the management of neurodegenerative conditions.