Оцінка симетрії прикусу авторським способом аналізу контрольно-діагностичних моделей щелеп

Abstract

В статті представлені результати морфометричної оцінки контрольно-діагностичних моделей щелеп пацієнтів із одностороннім ІІ класом зубощелепних аномалій за E.H. Angle, проведеної за ав- торською методикою. За результатами морфометрії у пацієнтів із одностороннім ІІ класом вияв- лено статистично достовірне асиметричне зміщення відносно один одного (р􀀀0,001) у порівнянні з особами із фізіологічним прикусом; В статье представлены результаты морфометрической оценки контрольно-диагностических моделей челюстей пациентов с односторонним II классом зубочелюстных аномалий по Е.Н. Angle, выполненной по авторской методике. По результатам морфометрии у пациентов с односторонним II кпассом обнаружено статистически достоверное асимметричное смещение зубных рядов относительно друг друга (р<0,001) по сравнению с лицами с физиологическим прикусом; Designing biometry methods of dental casts, which might simultaneously evaluate the symmetry of the upper and lower dental arches and their relationship to each other is still urgent scientific problem in orthodontics. The aim of this study was to increase the information content of dental cast morphometric analysis in patients with class II subdivision by designing new biometric method. Materials and methods. Morphometric study of dental casts was performed on 17 patients with class II subdivision, who made up the experimental group, and 10 patients with occlusion saline constituted the control group. The mean age of the patients was 20-25 years. The criteria for involving the patients to the experimental group were the following: full set of teeth (excluding the 8-th teeth), the presence of distal molar ratio on the one side and maintaining a neutral molar ratio on the other, the lack of transversal malocclusion such as cross- bite, no previous orthodontic treatment, trauma and surgical interventions in the maxillofacial area. Morphometric analysis was performed by applying a new method worked out by the authors (patent of Ukraine for useful model № 80089 [6]). Results and discussion. Morphometry showed no pronounced sagittal asymmetry of upper and lower dental arches in patients with class II subdivision. No severe sagittal asymmetry alignments allowed us to conclude that class II subdivision is not associated with asymmetry of dental arches and therefore had no dent-alveolar origin. Evaluation of angular parameter α showed that the deviation of mediansagittal line of lower dental arch from the midline of the upper dental arch intervention group on average was 4,3±0,56°, which was in 7 times higher than those in the control group (0,64±0,26°). Therefore, deviation of mediansagittal lines of upper and lower dental arches of patients with class II subdivision was much more pronounced than in patients with physiological occlusion (p<0,001). Conclusion: Sagittal asymmetry of the upper and lower dental arches in patients with unilater class II subdivision may be considered as normal and far from being a significant etiological factors for the development of dentofacial abnormalities. The patients with class II subdivision showed pronounced asymmetric offset alignments relative to each other, which was perhaps one of the etiologic factors for its development. The method of morphometric analysis for dental casts we offered facilitates measurement of linear and angular parameters of dentition in the sagittal plane, allows us to carry out simultaneous morphometric analysis of upper.