Comparison of free radical lipid peroxidation processes in patients with primary and secondary glaucoma

Abstract

Glaucoma is a multifactorial disease, therefore, many factors of its pathogenesis are currently known. At the same time, determining the impact of metabolic disorders on the progression and course of glaucoma is a very important issue in modern ophthalmic practice. The aim of this research is to investigate and compare the effects of free radical lipid peroxidation, antioxidant supply and the state of hydro- and hemodynamics of the eye on the course and progression of the glaucoma process in patients with primary and secondary glaucoma. Materials and methods. We observed 123 patients with primary and secondary glaucoma and 58 apparently healthy individuals, constituting the control group. The first group included 62 patients diagnosed with primary compensated glaucoma. The remaining 61 patients, who constituted the second group of subjects, were included in the study with a diagnosis of secondary compensated glaucoma. Results. Clinical examination of patients with primary compensated glaucoma in winter demonstrates a statistically significant decrease in intraocular fluid production, decreased outflow and reduced actual intraocular pressure, whereas in summer and autumn these figures were less pronounced. Observations of patients with secondary compensated glaucoma also showed a statically significant decrease in the production of chamber fluid and a decrease in the coefficient of outflow in winter. Similar tendencies were confirmed by hemodynamic changes. During this period, the relative pulse volume of the blood entering the eye is significantly reduced, in the summer and autumn period, the deficit of blood supply to the eye is less pronounced. Conclusions. The results of the research indicate the proliferative form of peroxide mechanisms in the pathogenesis of glaucoma of both types, which is the basis for using inhibitors of free radical lipid oxidation – antioxidant preparations – in the comprehensive therapy of these diseases. The identified features of clinical and biochemical disorders, based on the season of examination, are the basis for the development of differentiated regimens for the use of antioxidants in the treatment of glaucoma.