Морфологічний стан емалі зубів із фізіологічною та підвищеною стертістю

Abstract

Автором статті проведено вивчення морфологічного стану емалі зубів із фізіологічною та підвищеною стертістю. При цьому було застосовано методику вивчення емалі шляхом отримання сколів із робочої поверхні (горбик зуба або частки емалі на наявній жувальній поверхні) і з ділянки екватора зубів у зоні апроксимального контакту. Аналізу підлягали зразки безпосередньо з поверхні та з підповерхневої ділянки, насамперед для того, щоб дослідити різницю як в морфології так і в мікроелементному складі емалі цих шарів. Була доведена відмінність у будові емалі, зокрема в кількості призм, товщині проміжків між ними, а отже, зменшення товщини емалі зубів на контактних поверхнях (жувальних і апроксимальних); Автором статьи проведено изучение морфологического состояния эмали зубов с физиологичной и повышенной стираемостью. При этом, была применена методика изучения эмали путем получения сколов из рабочей поверхности (горбик зуба или части эмали на имеющейся жевательной поверхности) и из участка экватора зубов в зоне апроксимального контакта. Анализу подлежали образцы непосредственно из поверхности и из подповерхностного участка, в первую очередь для того, чтобы исследовать разницу, как в морфологии, так и в микроэлементном составе эмали этих слоев. Было доказанное отличие в строении эмали, в частности в количестве призм, толщине промежутков между ними, а, следовательно, уменьшение толщины эмали зубов на контактных поверхностях (жевательных и апроксимальних); Author studied morphology of tooth enamel with physiological abrasion and excessive wear. For the study, there was used a technique of enamel examination by obtaining fractions from a work surface (tooth hump or part of enamel on the existing chewing surface) and from tooth equator pieces in the area of approximal contact. There were analyzed the samples right from the surface and subsurface area, primarily in order to investigate the difference in morphology and in microelement composition of enamel in these layers. The teeth removed as prescribed by were subject to a thorough study. The patients’ age, whose teeth should be examined, ranged from 40 to 65 years. As mentioned above, 23 teeth should be examined, among them there were 9 teeth with a physiological abrasion and 14 teeth with II and III degrees excessive wear. Exploring the tooth enamel on microelement composition by the above mentioned algorithm, there were received a series of digital images of tooth enamel of examined tooth with different zoom levels. We counted the number of enamel prisms according to our own technique on the each photo and converted their number per 100 microns by a large-scale label. Then we calculated an average of enamel prisms per 100 microns for each examined enamel fraction and entered this data in a summary table for analysis. Number of prisms per unit of area characterized by an enamel density affecting permeability and hardness of tissues, and on which breaking resistance to bending and cleaving and the elastic modulus depends too, as it was noted above. Comparing the density of enamel prisms placement of examined teeth, it should be noted that the number of prisms per unit of area at physiological abrasion and excessive wear is rather significantly different; this may give the idea of different enamel resistance values at a physiological abrasion and excessive wear. Number of enamel prisms per unit of area is 18. 57 ± 0. 31 per 100 microns on an average at excessive wear, and 27. 33 ± 1. 08 to 100 microns at physiological abrasion. Evaluating the data within each group by statistical methods, we can note that the number of prisms in the tooth enamel belonging to the first group has a direct correlation with spaces between them (p = 0. 00049). There were cracks of various sizes and trends sometimes reaching the zone of enamel-dentinal connection on the examined enamel surface. Thus, the study of morphology of enamel layer at excessive wear and physiological abrasion proves the difference in the enamel structure, particularly in the prism number, thickness of spaces between them, therefore, a reduction an enamel thickness on the contact surfaces (chewing and approximal). As the teeth start to form at the early stage of prenatal development and a protein matrix is mineralized by deposition of components, the change of named parameters may be owing by impaired enamel formation, such as insufficient or altered development of enamel matrix that is characterized by destructive changes of such protein formations as fibrils of enamel prisms and enamel laminae. Thus, the named peculiarities of tooth enamel at an excessive wear and physiological abrasion cause different endurance towards chewing load, so in our opinion, it is justified to determine the quantity, proportion and distribution of microelements at a physiological dental abrasion and excessive wear in different areas of enamel.