New molecular-biological and genetic methods applied in African countries

Abstract

Innate pathology level in Africa exceeds high-income countries on 20%. Hemoglobinopathies, G6PD deficiency, albinism, neural tube defects are prevalent in sub-Saharan Africa. Nigerian population having sickle-cell disease is the biggest in the world, comprising 22-25% of all the inhabitants. 2:100 of Nigerian children or 2- 3% of all newborns have it. Muscular-skeletal and gastro-intestinal congenital anomalies are prevalent in the Nigerians among all congenital diseases. Inherited myopathies were found to be dominant in the North Africa. There exist dys- advantages of old investigative methods defining essentiality to create, introduce in healthcare system and to manage the new ones – informative, rather easily to be performed and possessing multiple advantages. The authors analyzed modern literature concerning new investigative methods for medical-biological and genetic researches in African countries. Materials and methods: scientific literary sources for 2019-2025 on the topic studied. Brief analysis of literary sources testifies to their rather big set and expressed opportunities. Following methods application was analyzed: Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS), Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) Genotyping, Sanger Sequencing, Fluorescence in situ Hybridization (FISH), Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP), Microarray Analysis, CRISPR- Cas9 gene editing, Reverse Transcription PCR (RT-PCR), Whole Exome Sequencing (WES).