Сравнительный анализ различных методологических подходов к идентификации репродуктивной токсичности пестицидов

Abstract

Проведена порівняльна оцінка результатів власних досліджень репродуктивної токсичності двадцяти пестицидів в тест-системі вивчення гонадотоксичної активності з даними фірм-виробників в тест- системах на 2-х і 3-х поколіннях тварин. Показана більш висока чутливість, інформативність та діагностична цінність методології вивчення гонадотоксичної активності хімічних сполук у порівнянні з методологією досліджень на 2-х і 3-х поколіннях тварин.

Проведена сравнительная оценка результатов собственных исследований репродуктивной токсичности двадцати пестицидов в тест-системе изучения гонадотоксической активности с данными фирм- изготовителей в тест-системах 2-х и 3-х поколений животных. Показана более высокая чувствительность, информативность и диагностическая ценность методологии изучения гонадотоксической активности химических соединений по сравнению с методологией исследований на 2-х и 3-х поколениях животных.

Results of own reproductive toxicity studies of twenty pesticides in gonadotoxic activity assessment test were compared with data obtained in test-systems of two and three generation reproduction toxicity studies in the rats. For the comparative analysis, the compounds that had a toxic effect on the reproductive system in the test system for assessing gonadotoxic activity but not showing signs of systemic toxicity were selected. Among these compounds, when tested in 2- and 3-generations test systems, 5 pesticides (α-cypermethrin, mancoceb, metribuzin, pyrimifos-methyl, chloromequat chloride) had a systemic toxic effect, but did not show reproductive toxicity. In ten compounds (azoxystrobin, imazalil, carbendazim, carboxin, lambda-cyhalothrin, metolachlor, tebuconazole, tetraconazole, thiabendazole, flutriafol), the parameters of reproductive toxicity are limited to the manifestation of embryotoxicity and systemic toxicity for offspring at doses toxic to the parental generations. Pesticides bentazone, quizalofop-p-ethyl and chlorimuron-ethyl cause a systemic toxic effect in offspring in doses not toxic to adult animals. And only in two agents (benomyl and flurochloridone) along with manifestation of systemic toxicity, the properties of endocrine disruptors were found. In the test system for assessing gonadotoxic activity, the ability to destructive effect on the function of sex hormones was revealed in all studied pesticides. This ability characterized by a change in the testes and epididymis weight, deterioration of the sperm parameters, and violation of the periodicity and duration of the estrous cycle stages. In 15 studied compounds, such changes as decrease in male and female conception index, fertility index and gestation index, an increase in the duration of the precoital interval and the pre- and postimplantation death are also found. The presence of endocrine-disruptor potential in the studied pesticides is confirmed by the literature data given in the article. The results obtained showed a higher sensitivity, informativity and diagnostic significance of the gonadotoxic activity assessment methodology in comparison with the methodology of studies in 2- and 3- generation reproduction toxicity studies.