Языковая картина мира В. Г. Короленко (на материале рассказов писателя)

Abstract

У статті досліджується мовна картина світу В. Г. Короленка на матеріалі його творів. Автор показує національну своєрідність мовної картини, світобачення письменника, яке змінюється залежно від зображуваної дійсності. У дослідженні простежується зв’язок культури народу з мовою, установлюється світобачення письменника через її призму. Доводиться, що мовна картина світу, як і мова, і мислення, має національний зміст. У роботі представлений новий погляд на твори Короленка, поетику його оповідань і повістей. У статті робляться висновки про те, що мова – це складник культури народу, її знаряддя, а культура вербалізується в мові. Кожна мова – це код, він несе в собі інформацію, характерну тільки для конкретного народу.

The research deals with the concept of «world view». The subject matter of this paper is the Russian language picture of the world presented in the V. G. Korolenko’s stories, or more specifically, the study investigates basic peculiarities of the language picture of the world in two stories by V. G. Korolenko, the «Makar’s Dream» and «Without a Language». The article studies the linguistic worldview of the V. G. Korolenko in the context of the evident changing the realities, which are described in his stories. The author shows how the writer’s worldview changed influenced by the political, historic and cultural events of those days. He shows the Siberian land with its vast expanses, fierce winter, its own unique traditions and laws in the short story «Makar’s Dream». We can clearly see and feel this picture of the world thought the language prism, particularly in its bilingualism, in the lifestyle description, customs, characters of the heroes, etc. Another story «Without a Language» offers us an invaluable opportunity to compare Russian and American language picture of the world. The first one was shown by V. G. Korolenko as the homeland with its well-established, traditional way of life and old religion. And at the same time, the author has depicted America with its specific features, which differs from the Russian language picture of the world. According to his point of view, an American language picture of the world has a range of characteristic that differentiates it from the Russian. It has freedom, civilization, faith, and morals. V. G. Korolenko has skillfully used dialogues, descriptions, analyzes of the main characters, the Ukrainian-Russian bilingualism, foreign language inclusions in Russian speech, etc. In addition to this, some typical structures for both languages were found out which show national identity. It has been appealed to special linguistic methods and techniques, including the comparative historical method for comparing the facts of the modern language and the language of V. G. Korolenko, as well as the comparative method for comparing the Russian, Ukrainian, Yakut and English languages. The paper concludes that language is an integral part of the culture of the people, its basic tool of communication and socialization. It must be noted, that the culture is verbalized in the language. Each language is a unique code, which contains culturally marked information. This study proves the idea of the unbreakable link between language and culture. This is, in our opinion, the main value of the given research.