Motivations and their physiological mechanisms, connections to typological aspects and optimal cross-cultural adaptation

Abstract

Any, even the least ones, changes in inner environment are immediately percepted by multiple receptors: baro- or presso-, mechano-, thermo-, osmo-, gluco and others id est the receptors reacting to pressure changings, mechanic and temperature influencings, changings in blood osmotic pressure as well as glucose content in blood. Such receptors are located in inner organs (stomach, liver, heart), in vascular walls as well as in brain different structures (hypothalamus, middle brain reticular formation, medulla oblongata). For example, thermoreceptors are located in hypothalamus anterior pre-optic zone; glucoreceptors reacting to glucose content and availability for cells are present in intermediate brain, liver, stomach and small intestine.