Навчальні матеріали та презентації. Кафедра медицини катастроф та військової медицини
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Документ Behavior of people in emergencies and combat conditions. Combat stress: symptoms, prevention, home care(Українська медична стоматологічна академія, Кафедра медицини катастроф та військової медицини, 2020-08-28) Кафедра медицини катастроф та військової медициниEvery extreme situation that a person finds himself in during natural, man-made, socio-political and military emergencies causes him nervous tension, behavior changes and causes health problems in the form of short-term and long-term stress reactions. Timely pre-medical, psychological and, in the subsequent stages, medical is the key to overcoming the consequences of these stress reactions. But, of particular importance, at the present stage, is the help of combat fatigue and combat stress during hostilities. In such conditions, the timeliness of comprehensive care for victims will solve not only the issue of rehabilitation, but also their socio-psychological adaptation to peaceful living, prevention of the so-called "Afghan syndrome".Документ Bleeding and methods of stopping them External bleeding, premedical help(Українська медична стоматологічна академія, Кафедра медицини катастроф та військової медицини, 2020-08-28) Кафедра медицини катастроф та військової медициниknowledge of clinical physiology of blood circulation is important for understanding the development of pathophysiological chains of acute disorders of this system. Given that morbidity and mortality from circulatory system pathology in Ukraine occupies 1 rank in the structure of pathology, the study of clinical students and knowledge of emergency care and intensive care in acute circulatory disorders is relevant and necessary.Bleeding is one of the most difficult complications after injuries, injuries with damage to the main or peripheral vessels. No less a threat are internal bleeding with damage to the abdominal and thoracic organs. Timely cessation of bleeding determines and gives a chance for recovery. Mastering all methods of stopping bleeding increases the chances of survival of both military and civilians.Документ Current System of Treatment –and – Evacuation Combat Support. Modern system of medical and evacuation support of troops(Українська медична стоматологічна академія, Кафедра медицини катастроф та військової медицини, 2020-08-28) Кафедра медицини катастроф та військової медициниMedical and evacuation support is the most important section medical support of troops in wartime. Its main goal is to save lives and restore combat readiness and efficiency as soon as possible and return to the ranks of as many wounded and sick servicemen as possible, which in modern warfare is the most effective way to replenish the active army.Experience of medical support of troops in military conflicts second half of XX century. and in recent years convincingly proves that properly and clearly organized medical and evacuation support is the main factor that determines the effectiveness of the medical service. This topic is the basic topic of the discipline. Without a quality study of the topic, the future specialist may not happen, so the study of the topic should be given much attention.Документ Current System of Treatment –and – Evacuation Combat Support. The concept and content of medical and evacuation support(Українська медична стоматологічна академія, Кафедра медицини катастроф та військової медицини, 2020-08-28) Кафедра медицини катастроф та військової медициниMedical and evacuation support is the most important section medical support of troops in wartime. Its main goal is to save lives and restore combat readiness and efficiency as soon as possible and return to the ranks of as many wounded and sick servicemen as possible, which in modern warfare is the most effective way to replenish the active army.Experience of medical support of troops in military conflicts second half of XX century. and in recent years convincingly proves that properly and clearly organized medical and evacuation support is the main factor that determines the effectiveness of the medical service. This topic is the basic topic of the discipline. Without a quality study of the topic, the future specialist may not happen, so the study of the topic should be given much attention.Документ Domestic care under the influence of mass destruction(Українська медична стоматологічна академія, Кафедра медицини катастроф та військової медицини, 2020-08-28) Кафедра медицини катастроф та військової медициниMilitary action in the modern war will be conducted with high activity and extreme tension. They will cause great losses in the troops and among the population, the destruction of potentially dangerous objects, energy centers, hydraulic structures, the formation of large areas of destruction, fires and floods. The main form of counteraction in the war is armed struggle - the organized use of armed forces and means of destruction to achieve certain political and military goals, a set of military actions of various scales. including high-precision, ammunition of volume detonation, cluster and incendiary. The most effective are high-precision systems of conventional weapons, which provide automatic detection and reliable destruction of enemy targets and objects with a single shot (launch). The main types of high-precision ammunition include guided missiles of various classes and planned aerial bombs, have a circular, probable deviation from the target is not more than 10 m.Документ Home care for fractures, dislocations, stretches. Pain shock(Українська медична стоматологічна академія, Кафедра медицини катастроф та військової медицини, 2020-08-28) Кафедра медицини катастроф та військової медициниInjuries today occupy the 3rd place in the structure of mortality after cardiovascular diseases and malignant neoplasms and come out on top as the cause of disability of young people. During hostilities and natural disasters, the frequency of injuries increases sharply, which is defined by the concept of "traumatic epidemic". Providing first aid to a patient with an injury is the professional responsibility of a physician of any profile. However, untimely or incorrect first aid tactics for a patient with a fracture can lead to complications.Документ Home care for the most common emergencies(Українська медична стоматологічна академія, Кафедра медицини катастроф та військової медицини, 2020-08-28) Кафедра медицини катастроф та військової медициниThe rate of development and specificity of the clinical picture of pain are determined by the duration of exposure to the traumatic agent, the level and extent of involvement in pain transmission of various somatic (and / or visceral) structures, constitutional features, differences in appropriate motor behavior (styles of emotional and physiological stress). Different patients experience pain caused by the same injuries in different ways. These differences are partly the result of genetic differences between people, but can also be explained by psychophysiological modulating factors.Документ Impaired airway patency. Premedical help. Acute respiratory disorders in combat(Українська медична стоматологічна академія, Кафедра медицини катастроф та військової медицини, 2020-08-28) Кафедра медицини катастроф та військової медициниThe main cause of mortality in critical patients in the prehospital stage is acute respiratory failure (AHD). The development of GDN leads to a complication of the critical condition of patients and victims, the appearance of delayed complications, which significantly worsen the prognosis, and is accompanied by high mortality (55-65%).The most common (approximately 95-98% of all cases) airway foreign bodies are found in children aged 1.5 to 3 years. According to various authors, the frequency of penetration into different parts of the respiratory tract is as follows: foreign bodies of the larynx - 12%, foreign bodies of the trachea - 18%, foreign bodies of the bronchi - 70%.Документ Internal bleeding, collapse, shock: premedical help(Українська медична стоматологічна академія, Кафедра медицини катастроф та військової медицини, 2020-08-28) Кафедра медицини катастроф та військової медициниBleeding from the main vessels is the most dangerous for human life, but bleeding from the cavities of the human body is not safer because they are not visible and they lose a lot of blood (massive bleeding). Bleeding can occur with injuries, as well as from the respiratory tract, stomach, intestines, uterus. Other forms of anemia often occur in everyday life, such as collapse due to temporary functional heart failure, and shock associated mainly with bleeding of the body, significant damage to internal organs or musculoskeletal system, nerve trunks and accompanied by depletion of the nervous system. humoral regulation of the cardiovascular system, which leads to a sharp drop in blood pressure, vasodilation and heart failure. Shock is a life-threatening condition. Properly performed rescue operations at the stage of DMD are the key to further success.Документ Medical evacuation. Medical care for the wounded at the CABCDE evacuation stage(Українська медична стоматологічна академія, Кафедра медицини катастроф та військової медицини, 2020-08-28) Кафедра медицини катастроф та військової медициниEvacuation measures are planned for a special period for the organized evacuation of employees of the facilities and members of their families: from areas of possible hostilities (if any); from areas of dangerous radioactive contamination around the NPP (for NPPs up to 4 GW within a radius of 30 km of the zone and for NPPs more than 4 GW within a radius of 50 km of the zone); from areas of possible catastrophic flooding of the area (with a 4-hour catch-up wave).Документ Medical sorting in case of mass sanitary losses(Українська медична стоматологічна академія, Кафедра медицини катастроф та військової медицини, 2020-08-28) Кафедра медицини катастроф та військової медициниAn important component of successfully solving the problems of medical care for the elimination of the consequences of emergencies is the medical sorting of victims in emergencies. Medical sorting is especially important in dealing with the consequences of emergencies associated with the appearance in a short period of time of a large number of victims, most of whom require urgent medical care and evacuation from the emergency zone.Документ Medical sorting in case of mass sanitary losses. Moving the wounded(Українська медична стоматологічна академія, Кафедра медицини катастроф та військової медицини, 2020-08-28) Кафедра медицини катастроф та військової медициниBeing able to provide first aid based on the correct use of the tactical situation, as well as the optimal and timely movement of the wounded to the shelter is the primary task of providing first aid in terms of saving lives and reducing the negative consequences of injury. Moving the wounded to a safe area is an important component of the first aid system on the battlefield. One of the key aspects of providing assistance to victims in tactical settings is to prevent the emergence of new victims.Документ Medical, biological and psychological protection of population. Provision of sanitary and epidemiological welfare of the population(Українська медична стоматологічна академія, Кафедра медицини катастроф та військової медицини, 2020-08-28) Кафедра медицини катастроф та військової медициниMedical and evacuation support is the most important section of medical support of troops in wartime. Its main goal is to save lives and restore combat readiness and efficiency as soon as possible and return to the ranks of as many wounded and sick servicemen as possible, which in modern warfare is the most effective way to replenish the active army.Experience of medical support of troops in military conflicts of the second half of the XX century. and in recent years convincingly proves that properly and clearly organized medical and evacuation support is the main factor that determines the effectiveness of the medical service. This topic is the basic topic of the discipline. Without a quality study of the topic, the future specialist may not happen, so the study of the topic should be given much attention.Документ Organization civil defense of hospitals and pharmaceutical establishments(Українська медична стоматологічна академія, Кафедра медицини катастроф та військової медицини, 2020-08-28) Кафедра медицини катастроф та військової медициниFundamentals of stability of objects, psychological readiness of management, specialists and the population to act in extreme conditions, training of management of the facility and the population to properly perform a set of civil protection measures, scale and extent of the impact of natural disasters, industrial accidents, catastrophes and readiness of the object for stability of work is its ability in emergency situations to let out production in the planned volume, necessary nomenclature and the corresponding quality, and in case of influence on the object of damaging factors, natural disasters and industrial accidents - to resume the production in the shortest possible time. . It depends on the following main factors: the location of the object in relatively large cities, nuclear power plants, chemical industry, large hydraulic structures, military facilities, etc .; natural and climatic conditions, production technologies; reliability of protection of workers, the population from the impact of damaging factors, the consequences of natural disasters and industrial accidents, catastrophes; reliability of the system of supply of the object with everything necessary for production (fuel, lubricants, electricity, gas, water, chemical plant protection products, veterinary means, mineral fertilizers, spare parts, equipment, etc.); the ability of the engineering complex to withstand emergencies; sustainability of production management, rescue and other urgent work to restore the disrupted production.Документ Premedical care in extreme and combat conditions as a discipline. The principle of providing pre medical care(A. A. Levkov, 2020-08-28) Кафедра медицини катастроф та військової медициниFirst pre medical care is important to save lives and restore health. As a rule, only timely implementation of the simplest manipulations on the spot can save the life of the victim and prevent the development of serious complications. On the battlefield, pre medical care is the main guarantee of saving the life of the wounded. Analysis of the causes of death of soldiers during hostilities indicates that a significant part of them could be saved with timely and high-quality pre medical care.Документ Premedical help in extreme and combat conditions. Initial examination. (CABCDE)(Українська медична стоматологічна академія, Кафедра медицини катастроф та військової медицини, 2020-08-28) Кафедра медицини катастроф та військової медициниTimely pre-hospital care can save the life of an injured or wounded person, whether on the battlefield or in civilian life. According to statistics, every 45 seconds the heart stops in the world, every minute there is a mass accident with a large number of victims, every 10 minutes a shot is heard in the world. It is people who have the skills to provide home care and are the ones who will save the life of a person who is facing a problem.Документ Providing home care for thermal and chemical injuries(Українська медична стоматологічна академія, Кафедра медицини катастроф та військової медицини, 2020-08-28) Кафедра медицини катастроф та військової медициниAccording to statistics of local conflicts in recent years, burns occupy 5% of the average injuries on the battlefield. During the war in the Korean guardianship of napalm, the current American aircraft, accounted for 25%, in itnam - 45%, and according to general statistics during the war in Afghanistan - 5% of the headline number of processed mehandihandi (). In modern warfare, when nuclear weapons and incendiary mixtures get stuck, the frequency of burns can be 60-80% of all lesions.During the Second World War 1941-1945. Years of frostbite of the extremities were combined with injuries in 32.2% of cases. Such a large percentage is due to the knowledge of the wounded and his helplessness, because of him he remained lying in the snow on the frozen ground for a long time.Thus, frostbite is considered a frequent companion of wars, indie has the character of epidemics and occupies a significant share in the structure of sanitary losses. The fingers of the upper and lower extremities, ears, nose, and external genitalia are mainly frozen. According to wartime and peacetime statistics, frostbite of the lower extremities predominates.Документ Regulatory and legal framework of civil protection in Ukraine. Organization of population and territory in situations emergency(Українська медична стоматологічна академія, Кафедра медицини катастроф та військової медицини, 2020-08-28) Кафедра медицини катастроф та військової медициниThe current development of Ukraine under conditions of systemic transformation is characterized as permanently complex, and sometimes even with failures of extremity. The global development of human civilization, in addition to positive achievements, has posed numerous threats to the vital interests of man and citizen, society and the state. A significant place among these threats is occupied by the dangers of the technogenic and natural spheres. Many of them are to some extent inherent in Ukraine. In this regard, a large role in ensuring man-made and natural security is given to the Unified State System of Civil Protection of Population and Territories. A significant number of major catastrophes that have occurred recently in the world and in Ukraine, among which a special place is occupied by Chernobyl (1986), have changed the traditional orientation of the civil defense system to solve exclusively wartime tasks to protect the population and territories from peacetime emergencies. also the transition from the sectoral (departmental) to the functional (integrated) principle of response. Civil protection is carried out in order to implement state policy aimed at ensuring the safety and protection of the population of territories, material and cultural values and the environment from the negative effects of emergencies in peacetime and special periods, overcoming the consequences of emergencies, including emergencies in foreign countries. to international treaties of Ukraine, the binding nature of which has been approved by the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine.Civil protection is based on the provisions of international humanitarian law and Article 3 of the Constitution of Ukraine, which states that man, his life, honor and dignity, inviolability and security are defined in Ukraine as the highest social value, and the establishment and protection of human rights and freedoms is the main duty of the state.Документ Tasks, Organization and Urgency of Ukrainian Army Medical Servicein war time(Українська медична стоматологічна академія, Кафедра медицини катастроф та військової медицини, 2020-08-28) Кафедра медицини катастроф та військової медициниThe activities of the medical service are subordinated to the interests of the armed forces and are aimed at maintaining their combat capability and combat readiness at the appropriate level by preserving, strengthening and restoring the health of military personnel. The solution of this main task is achieved by performing a number of partial tasks, the content and method of solving which may vary depending on the development of the armed forces, socio-political system of the state, its economic status, military affairs, medicine and health care.The main tasks of the medical service for wartime have been formulated for a long time, for half a century, but their content remains unchanged and is only detailed and supplemented depending on changes in the conditions of the medical service.Modern military operations are characterized by determination, high maneuverability and tension, rapid and abrupt changes in the situation, their conduct on the ground and in the air, on a wide front, at great depth and at a high pace. In the modern war, the activity of the medical service is significantly affected by the possibility of the simultaneous occurrence of mass sanitary losses both along the entire depth of the construction of the military order of troops and in the rear (center) of the country. Wartime conditions worsen the sanitary and epidemiological condition of the population, troops and areas of hostilities, which can cause epidemic outbreaks of various infectious diseases. The use of electronic warfare, disruption of constant communications will create significant difficulties in the management of forces and means of medical service, in the implementation of medical supplies and the organization of medical evacuation. The above proves that in the conditions of modern war (armed conflict) the medical service will perform tasks in an extremely difficult situation.Документ The basis of civil protection of the population. Means of individual protection of the population, classification(Українська медична стоматологічна академія, Кафедра медицини катастроф та військової медицини, 2020-08-28) Кафедра медицини катастроф та військової медициниThe individual method of protection involves the use of individual means of protection of the respiratory system, skin, as well as medical protection. This method is widely used in peacetime in conditions of radioactive contamination, in areas contaminated with strong edible substances, foci of biological contamination, areas of natural disasters. In an emergency and a state of emergency, all measures to be taken to protect the population include the use of personal protective equipment.Personal protective equipment is designed to protect people from radioactive, toxic and potent edible substances, as well as bacterial agents.
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