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Alterations of the intensity of neun-immunoreactivity reactions in the cerebellar structural components of rats under influence of the food additives complex
(Georgian medical news, 2022-01) Bilash, S.; Kononov, B.; Pronina, O.; Koptev, M.; Hryn, V.; Білаш, Сергій Михайлович; Кононов, Богдан Сергійович; Проніна, Олена Миколаївна; Коптев, Михайло Миколайович; Гринь, Володимир Григорович
To estimate the changes of the intensity of the NeuN-immunoreactivity reaction in the structural components of the cerebellum of rats under the influence of the food additives complex. We used 100 white rats with an average weight of 258.1±0.67 g. in our study. We used paraffin sections with a thickness of 3 μm for immunohistochemical studies. Rat monoclonal antibody NeuN (0.N.211) sc-71667 (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, inc.) was used to detect neurons. During the morphometric study we identified that in the course of the experiment, the average number of NeuN-positive Purkinje cells of the ganglion layer of the cerebellar cortex of rats in different experimental groups (from 1st to 5th ) in comparison with the control group of animals significantly increases at p˂0.05. Concurrently, we determined morphometrically that in the course of the experiment the average number of NeuN - positive Golgi cells of type II of the granular layer of the cerebellar cortex of rats in different experimental groups in comparison with the control group of animals also increased significantly at p˂0.05. In our experimental study, we determined reliably that NeuN- positive structures of the gray matter of the cerebellum were different, both structurally and morphometrically.
Eponymous terms in the morphology of angioarchitectonics of the human head
(Aluna Publishing, 2022) Hryn, V.; Yudina, K.; Donchenko, V.; Zhamardiy, V.; Horoshko, V.; Гринь, Володимир Григорович; Юдіна, Ксенія Євгеніївна; Донченко, Вікторія Іванівна; Жамардій, Валерій Олександрович
The aim: The aim of the study is to investigate and describe eponymous terms of angioarchitectonics of the human head and to determine their features and possibilities of their functioning in modern medical terminology. Materials and methods: The work uses general philosophical and general scientific research methods: dialectical, historical-chronological, bibliographic-descriptive, analytical, etc. This bibliographic analysis is based on published peer-reviewed articles, books, textbooks, monographs. The search period covered the period from 2010 to 2021. Conclusions: The study of eponymous terms contributes to the disclosure of the evolution of clinical disciplines, the diagnostic process of thinking, as well as the formation of terminological competence in applicants for higher medical education, their mastery of the language of the specialty.
Experimental analysis of ways of viral infections into the human body
(Aluna Publishing, 2022) Hryn, V.; Kostylenko, Yu.; Pinchuk, V.; Zhamardiy, V.; Donchenko, V.; Honchar, O.; Hordiienko, O.; Гринь, Володимир Григорович; Костиленко, Юрій Петрович; Пінчук, Вікторія Анатоліївна; Жамардій, Валерій Олександрович; Донченко, Вікторія Іванівна; Гончар, Ольга Олександрівна
The aim:The aim of the study is to experimentally test the process of viral infection and determine the ways of its penetration into the human body. Materials and methods: This experimental analysis is based on systematic research, published peer-reviewed articles, books, textbooks, monographs. It should also be noted that in order to identify some immunocompetent lymph node cells and the ability to visualize certain sites in the lymphoid nodes of Peyer’s patches, where the initial processes are presented below, we resorted to sampling anatomical material. The study involved 10 adult albino rats weighing 200.0 ± 20.0 g. The search period covered the period from 2010 to 2021, but the experimental analysis contains some valuable data from previous years, as these literature sources have significant scientific value. Results: According to immunohistochemical analysis of the epithelium associated with the dome of the lymph nodes of the small intestine of white rats, the bulk was B-lymphocytes (about 47%) and T-lymphocytes (about 35%), while plasma cells, macrophages and dendritic cells accounted for approximately 5% for each of them. Conclusions:Рrocess of development of viral infection can be represented in the form of the following targeted steps: 1) massive invasion of viruses into the body; 2) the pathway of viruses to the intended target (target cells) is carried out by the blood flow; 3) аchieving the target by viruses and their penetration into target cells. Іn the pathogenesis of viral diseases, the role is played by the preparedness of the particular body, which directly depends on the functional state of its immune system, which determines the possibility, severity and outcome of the disease.
General morphological characteristics of the results of experimental modeling of aseptic peritonitis
(Annals of Anatomy, 2023) Hryn, V.; Kostylenko, Yu.; Maksymenko, O.; Гринь, Володимир Григорович; Костиленко, Юрій Петрович; Максименко, Олександр Сергійович
Background: Aseptic peritonitis is a reaction of the local immune system aimed at rejection of a foreign body, which, having antigenic properties, does not (unlike a pathogen) counteract the immune system. The suture materials, namely catgut thread, used in intracavitary surgical operations possess xenogenic properties and can be used for antigenic stimulation of the immune system of the peritoneal cavity. Consequently, we decided to use a catgut suture for antigenic stimulation of the immune system of the peritoneal cavity and to study the morphological features of the results of experimental modeling of aseptic peritonitis in albino rats. Method: The study involved 15 Wistar albino male rats, weighing 286,13 ± 6,26 g. To study the dynamics of destructive changes made by the catgut implant in the peritoneal cavity of the experimental animals, the animals were assigned into three groups in accordance with the time interval of their euthanasia at 3, 7, and 14 days of the experiment. Results: After modeling an aseptic peritonitis, the investigation the abdominal cavity showed that in four out of five animals of the first group, that is, on day 3 of the experiment, the catgut implant had adhered to the greater omentum. The search for the fifth implant led to an unexpected discovery: we found it conjoined with the second derivative of the visceral peritoneum, similar in structure to the greater omentum, but related to the testes. On day 7, the implant embedded into the peritoneal cavity of the animals, had adhered to the serous formations of the testes in all five cases (100%, three of them – to the left epididymal omentum, and another two – to the right one). On day 14 (n = 5) it was found that in three cases it had adhered to the serous formations of the testes (60%, one of them to the left epididymal omentum, another two – to the right one) and in two cases it had adhered to the greater omentum (40%). Conclusion: During the experiment on implantation of a xenogenic substrate in the form of flat bundles made from the catgut thread into the peritoneal cavity of sexually mature male rats, it was found for the first time that their acceptors were not only the greater omentum, but also two derivatives of the peritoneum, homeomorphic to it and associated with the epididymides, which we reasonably called epididymal omenta and described in details.
Histological structure of the albino rat`s stomach
(International Translational Medicine Congress Of Students And Young Physicians., Oscon, Croatia, 2022) Maryniak, D.; Hryn, V.; Мариняк, Дар'я Костянтинівна; Гринь, Володимир Григорович
Morphological aspects of the guinea pig submandibular salivary gland structure
(Riga Stradins University Student Union, 2022) Maryniak, D.; Zakaznykova, I.; Hryn, V.; Bilash, V. ; Мариняк, Дар'я Костянтинівна; Заказникова, Ілона Володимирівна; Гринь, Володимир Григорович; Білаш, Валентина Павлівна
Morphological Characteristics of the Results of Experimental Modeling of Septic Peritonitis
(Universidad de la Frontera, 2024) Hryn, V.; Maksymenko, O.; Гринь, Володимир Григорович; Максименко, Олександр Сергійович
Experimental studies devoted to the study of the mechanisms of the pathogenesis of acute peritonitis and the development of new methods of medical and surgical treatment are becoming increasingly relevant. Today, experimental medicine knows many different ways to modeling septic peritonitis and eliminate it, but the role of the local immune system is underestimated, whereas it takes a direct part in inflammation. The objective of our work to study morphological features of results of experimental modeling of septic peritonitis in white rats. The study included 15 sexually mature white male rats weighing 276.75±6.56 grams. A simulation of septic peritonitis was performed by perforating the upper part of the cecum with four punctures with a G16 injection needle. As a result of the experiment, after examination of the peritoneal cavity, all 15 animals were diagnosed with omentum tamponade of perforated damage to the caecum. In 11 cases, the perforated wall of the caecum was covered by the greater omentum (73.34 %), and in the other 4 animals, tamponade was performed by one of the epididymal omentum (26.66 %). The initial stage of tamponade with the greater or epididymal omentums of a perforated caecum begins on the first day of the experiment and consists of tight interstitial consolidation between them, as well as in the invasion of blood vessels from the omentum side to the focus of infection, which ensure the delivery of the appropriate immunocompetent cells. As a result of this process, intensive lymphoid infiltrates are formed in this area, as well as the growth of adipose tissue, which isolates the inflammatory focus from the peritoneal cavity with a thick layer.
Morphological differences between the lesser and the greater omenta in albino rats
(Annals of Anatomy, 2024) Hryn, V.; Maksymenko, O.; Stupak, D.; Гринь, Володимир Григорович; Максименко, Олександр Сергійович; Ступак, Дмитро Сергійович
Background: Publications report that all mammals have two omenta, namely, lesser omentum and greater omentum. Basically, these organs, which share the same name except for the adjective “lesser” or “greater,” should not differ from each other. However, no clear description of the structure of the lesser omentum, as well as comparative morphological analysis between the lesser and greater omenta have been found in the literature, which necessitates a thorough investigation. Therefore, the aim of our study was to analyze the morphofunctional differences between the greater and lesser omenta in albino rats. Method: The experiment involved 20 mature male albino rats, weighing 298,28±7,36 grams. The material for our study were preparations of lesser and greater omenta, fixed in 10 % of neutral buffered formalin. Paraffin sections were stained with hematoxylin-eosin and Van Gieson stain. Results: The findings of the study showed that the greater omentum in albino rats, unlike other derivatives of the omentum (ligaments and mesenteries), represents a free extension (mostly from the greater curvature of the stomach), in the form of an “apron,” into a specific depth of the peritoneal cavity, duplicating the serous membrane. This duplication is characterized by the composition of two structurally interdependent formations. These include vascular-fatty arcades, associated with lymphoid nodules known as milky spots, and binding serous-reticular membranes. The findings of the study of the lesser omentum have established that in all cases it is located beneath the liver and becomes visualized only after hepatolifting. It is presented in the form of two ligaments: hepatoduodenal and hepatogastric, which contain two main structured formations, which we called vascular-fatty spurs, between these spurs, serous-reticular membranes are located. Conclusion: despite having similar names, the lesser omentum, a derivative of the peritoneum, is fundamentally different. As it is well known, the lesser omentum is represented by ligaments that extend from the liver hilus to the lesser curvature of the stomach and the duodenum. Due to this arrangement, the lesser omentum lacks the mobile activity characteristic of the greater omentum, which plays a crucial role in rapid response to damage in the gastrointestinal tract. Despite sharing the same names, both formations differ in shape, morphological structure, development and function.
Morphology of catgut implant destruction in the peritoneal cavity of male white rats
(Brazilian Society of Anatomy, 2024) Hryn, V.; Kostylenko, Yu.; Maksymenko, O.; Svintsytska, N.; Bilash, V.; Tykhonova, O.; Tarasenko, Ya.; Гринь, Володимир Григорович; Костиленко, Юрій Петрович; Максименко, Олександр Сергійович; Свінцицька, Наталія Леонідівна; Білаш, Валентина Павлівна; Тихонова, Олеся Олександрівна; Тарасенко, Яна Альбертівна
Introduction: aseptic peritonitis it is reaction of the local immune system aimed at rejection of a foreign body, which, having antigenic properties, does not (unlike a pathogen) counteract the immune system. The suture materials, namely catgut thread, used in intracavitary surgical operations possess the xenogenic properties and can use for antigenic stimulation of the immune system of the peritoneal cavity. The purpose is to study the destructive changes in the catgut implant in the peritoneal cavity of albino male rats in experimental modeling of aseptic inflammation of the peritoneum. Methods: the study involved 15 white mature male rats, weighing 286,13±6,26 g. Catgut implants, standardized in shape and size, were made of 2/0 catgut thread of 0.3 mm thick and 17 cm long, which was randomly rolled into compact balls with an area of 1 cm2, after which they were engrafted into the peritoneal cavity of rats. Morphological analysis of the findings of the study was carried out using the traditional anatomical and histological methods for obtaining serial paraffin slices of 4 µm thick (Microm HM 325), which were stained with hematoxylin-eosin. Results: the findings of our study showed that the greater omentum and epididymal omentums are the acceptors of the xenogenic implant. In all cases, without exception, the catgut implant was fixed on the marginal zone of one or another omentum. Starting from day 3 of the experiment, a clearly pronounced response of the local immune system to the catgut implant was noted. Morphologically, it was visualized by the invasion of the blood vessels into implant and the appearance of continuous concentrated layer of immunocompetent cells, which were mainly represented by lymphoid and phagocytic elements, formed around the catgut thread and in consequent penetrating into the catgut thread. Conclusion: following two weeks of staying in the tissues of one or another omentum, the catgut thread was far from complete rejection.
The issue of histological identification of m-cells in the peyer’s patches of albino rat small intestine
(Wudawnictwo Aluna, 2022) Hryn, V.; Kostylenko, Yu.; Svintsytska, N.; Bilash, V. ; Lytovka, V.; Гринь, Володимир Григорович; Костиленко, Юрій Петрович; Свінцицька, Наталія Леонідівна; Білаш, Валентина Павлівна; Литовка, Володимир Вікторович
The aim: Based on the above cytological signs of M-ceiis, we set the goal o f more detailed clarification o f some of their topological relationships with other enterocytes in the follicle-associated epithelium of Peyer's patches of albino rat small intestine. Materials and methods: 10 mature albino male rats weighted 200,0+20,0 g were involved into the study. Anatomical dissection with the sampling o f the sections of the small intestine containing Peyer's patches was carried out with subsequent embedment of the latter into paraffin blocks and making o f serial histological sections o f4 [im thick in the cross-section o f the small intestine, followed with hematoxylin-eosin staining. The specimens were studied and documented on the"Konus" light microscope equipped. Morphometric characteristics o f the specimen tissue structures were studied using the Sigeta X 1 mm/100 Div.x0.01 mm stage micrometer. Results: The findings of the study revealed enterocytes with phagocytic properties found in the lymphoid-associated epithelium of Peyer's patches o f the small intestine o f albino rats. Moreover, if they are clearly visualized at the light-optical level, then M-ceiis are poorly recognizable, which is consistent with a similar assessment made by other authors. Conclusions: Given this, the issue on the topology and functional purpose of M-ceiis remains uncertain to date and, thereby, the prospect o f further research is being outlined, which, in our opinion, can be successful using the method o f stereomorphological analysis. For this purpose, multilayer plastic reconstruction methods can be used for serial semi-thin sections o f Peyer's patches embedded in epoxy resin, according to the requirements of transmission electron microscopy.
The issue of histological identification of M-cells in the peyer’s patches of albino rat small intestine
(Aluna Publishing, 2022) Hryn, V.; Kostylenko, Yu.; Svintsytska, N.; Bilash, V. ; Lytovka, V.; Гринь, Володимир Григорович; Костиленко, Юрій Петрович; Свінцицька, Наталія Леонідівна; Білаш, Валентина Павлівна; Литовка, Володимир Вікторович
The aim: Based on the above cytological signs of M-cells, we set the goal of more detailed clarification of some of their topological relationships with other enterocytes in the follicle-associated epithelium of Peyer’s patches of albino rat small intestine. Materials and methods: 10 mature albino male rats weighted 200,0±20,0 g were involved into the study. Anatomical dissection with the sampling of the sections of the small intestine containing Peyer’s patches was carried out with subsequent embedment of the latter into paraffin blocks and making of serial histological sections of 4 μm thick in the cross-section of the small intestine, followed with hematoxylin-eosin staining. The specimens were studied and documented on the “Konus” light microscope equipped. Morphometric characteristics of the specimen tissue structures were studied using the Sigeta X 1 mm/100 Div.x0.01mm stage icrometer. Results: The findings of the study revealed enterocytes with phagocytic properties found in the lymphoid-associated epithelium of Peyer’s patches of the small intestine of albino rats. Moreover, if they are clearly visualized at the light-optical level, then M-cells are poorly recognizable, which is consistent with a similar assessment made by other authors. Conclusions: Given this, the issue on the topology and functional purpose of M-cells remains uncertain to date and, thereby, the prospect of further research is being outlined, which, in our opinion, can be successful using the method of stereomorphological analysis. For this purpose, multilayer plastic reconstruction methods can be used for serial semi-thin sections of Peyer’s patches embedded in epoxy resin, according to the requirements of transmission electron microscopy.
Особливості структурної організації периферичних імунних органів: пейєрові бляшки та молочні плями
(Полтавський державний медичний університет, 2025) Ступак, Дмитро Сергійович; Броварник, Ярослав Олександрович; Максименко, Олександр Сергійович; Гринь, Володимир Григорович ; Stupak, D.; Brovarnyk, Ya.; Maksymenko, O. ; Hryn, V.
Периферична імунна система, представлена такими структурами, як пейєрові бляшки тонкої кишки та молочні плями великого чепця, виконує ключову роль у забезпеченні імунного захисту організму. Пейєрові бляшки розташовані в тонкій кишці та тісно взаємодіють з кишковим епітелієм. Їх функціонування полягає в ініціації імунних реакцій та передачі їх з місцевого рівня на системний. У свою чергу, молочні плями чепця зосереджені переважно в мезотеліальній тканині. Ці утворення беруть участь в імунному нагляді за антигенним складом перитонеальної рідини. Попри значний інтерес дослідників, порівняльний морфологічний аналіз між цими структурами досі не проводився. Наше дослідження спрямоване на з’ясування структурних принципів організації пейєрових бляшок і молочних плям, що може сприяти поглибленню знань про організацію периферичної імунної системи.
Способи та результати вивчення структури й тинкторіальних властивостей кетгутової нитки
(Полтавський державний медичний університет, 2023) Максименко, Олександр Сергійович; Гринь, Володимир Григорович; Maksymenko, O.; Hryn, V.
Шовний матеріал, який використовують під час оперативних втручань на органах черевної порожнини, тією чи іншою мірою має антигенні властивості, щоб у процесі загоєння рани, він був зруйнований імунною реакцією на відторгнення, у якій, як відомо, беруть участь цитотоксичні Т-лімфоцити та макрофаги. В свою чергу це може призвести до розвитку асептичного перитоніту. Тому, плануючи експериментальне моделювання асептичного перитоніту, вирішено використати, як антигенну стимуляцію місцевої імунної системи нитку кетгут. Метою роботи було вивчення морфологічних критеріїв мікроскопічної структури та тинкторіальних властивостей кетгутової нитки. Матеріалом слугувала стерильна кетгутова нитка 2/0 розміру, товщиною 0,3 мм, однакові відрізки (завдовжки 17 см), яку довільно скручували в пласкі компактні клубочки, що займали площу приблизно 1 см 2 . Для проведення гістологічного дослідження деякі кетгутові клубочки піддавалися тотальному забарвленню розчином гематоксилін-еозином і наступним укладанням цього клубочка в парафіновий блок та виготовлення з нього відповідних зрізів. Інша половина кетгутових клубочків вивчалася з допомогою методу епоксидної пластинації з виготовленням шліфів з забарвленням 1% розчином метиленового синього на 1% розчині бури та без забарвлення. Після тотального забарвлення кетгутового клубочка розчином гематоксилін-еозином виявлено чітку ацидофільну реакцію, яка проявилась у забарвленні нитки в інтенсивно рожевий колір. Кетгутова нитка має неоднорідну волокнисту структуру, в якій виділяються темні прожилки, що розділяють її на низку поздовжніх, світліших, шаруватих пучків, які складаються із щільної сукупності тонких фібрилярних елементів. Ці фібрилярні елементи – це упорядковано розташовані пучки колагенових волокон, тоді як темні прожилки є прошарками пухкої волокнистої сполучної тканини. Ці структури об’єктивно можуть бути показовими морфологічними критеріями при мікроскопічному аналізі деструктивних змін кетгутового імплантату в очеревинній порожнині експериментальної тварини.
Схожість і відмінність між пейєровими бляшками тонкої кишки і молочними плямами великого чепця білих щурів
(Державне некомерційне підприємство «Центр тестування професійної компетентності фахівців з вищою освітою напрямів підготовки «Медицина» і «Фармація» при Міністерстві охорони здоров’я України» (ДНП «Центр тестування»), 2025) Kostylenko, Y.; Hryn, V.; Maksymenko, O.; Bilash, V.; Svintsytska, N.; Brovarnyk, Y.; Stupak, D.; Костиленко, Юрій Петрович; Гринь, Володимир Григорович; Максименко, Олександр Сергійович; Білаш, Валентина Павлівна; Свінцицька, Наталія Леонідівна; Броварник, Ярослав Олександрович; Ступак, Дмитро Сергійович
Вивчено та порівняно основні принципи структурної організації пейєрових бляшок тонкої кишки з молочними плямами великого чепця білих щурів. Таким чином, молочні плями великого чепця і пейєрові бляшки тонкої кишки білих щурів-самців не відносяться до пропорційних утворень, тому що перші є дискретною формою розосередження по ходу судинно-жирових аркад великого чепця певної кількості уніфікованих за структурою лімфоїдних вузликів, тоді як пейєрові бляшки є консолідованою сукупністю подібних утворень.

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